Understanding Hypothesis Types

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Questions and Answers

What is a hypothesis?

  • A definite conclusion based on extensive evidence.
  • A tentative statement predicting the relationship between variables. (correct)
  • An established fact that has been universally accepted.
  • A systematic process of investigation and research.

Which of the following definitions best describes a Null Hypothesis?

  • It suggests no effect or relationship between variables. (correct)
  • It asserts that one variable causes the other to change.
  • It claims the existence of a strong correlation between phenomena.
  • It indicates a direction in which a variable affects another.

What is a characteristic of a well-defined hypothesis?

  • It is overly complex and detailed.
  • It is based solely on theoretical concepts without practical application.
  • It is vague and ambiguous.
  • It relates to the problem statement clearly. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a Directional Hypothesis?

<p>Increased exercise leads to improved mental health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Complex Hypothesis?

<p>Individuals who consume high sugar diets may face obesity and diabetes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates an Associative Hypothesis from a Causal Hypothesis?

<p>Associative suggests correlation without specifying cause. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hypotheses is well-defined?

<p>Social media use causes anxiety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a Non-Directional Hypothesis?

<p>There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative statement that predicts a relationship between two or more variables being studied.

Simple Hypothesis

A simple hypothesis focuses on the relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable.

Complex Hypothesis

A complex hypothesis investigates the relationship between multiple independent variables and one or more dependent variables.

Directional Hypothesis

A directional hypothesis predicts the specific nature (positive or negative) of the relationship between variables.

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Non-directional Hypothesis

A non-directional hypothesis simply states that there is a relationship between variables without specifying its nature.

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Null Hypothesis

A null hypothesis proposes that there is no relationship between the variables being studied.

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Causal Hypothesis

A causal hypothesis posits that one variable directly causes a change in another.

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Associative Hypothesis

An associative hypothesis suggests that two or more variables are related but doesn't imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

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Study Notes

Objectives

  • Students will define hypothesis at the end of the lesson
  • Students will differentiate types of hypothesis
  • Students will write a well-defined hypothesis using given variables

Hypothesis

  • A tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under the study

Types of Hypothesis

  • Simple and Complex Hypothesis
  • Associative or causal Hypothesis
  • Directional or Non-directional Hypothesis
  • Null Hypothesis

Simple and Complex Hypothesis

  • Smoking is a prominent cause of lung cancer
  • Individuals who eat more fruit tend to have higher immunity, lesser cholesterol, and high metabolism.

Directional and Non-Directional Hypothesis

  • There is a positive relationship between years of teaching experience and job satisfaction among teachers
  • There is a relationship between years of teaching and job satisfaction among teachers

Null Hypothesis

  • There is no relationship between smoking and the incidence of lung cancer among teenagers

Associative and Causal Hypothesis

  • (No specific information provided)

How to Write a Well-Defined Hypothesis

  • (No specific information provided) - Example provided

Characteristics of a Well-Defined Hypothesis

  • States the expected relationship between variables
  • Testable
  • Derived from problem statements
  • Simple and concise

Activity Examples (Well-defined/Not Well-Defined)

  • Chocolate is better than vanilla (NO): Subjective and not testable
  • Sleep deprivation affects cognition (YES): Testable and measurable
  • Animals adapt to their environment (NO): Too broad and not specific enough
  • Social media use causes anxiety (YES): Measurable though causation may be complex
  • Silver weapons can kill werewolves (NO): Not scientifically verifiable.

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