Understanding Hypothesis Types

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Questions and Answers

What is a hypothesis?

A definite conclusion based on extensive evidence.
A tentative statement predicting the relationship between variables. (correct)
An established fact that has been universally accepted.
A systematic process of investigation and research.

Which of the following definitions best describes a Null Hypothesis?

It suggests no effect or relationship between variables. (correct)
It asserts that one variable causes the other to change.
It claims the existence of a strong correlation between phenomena.
It indicates a direction in which a variable affects another.

What is a characteristic of a well-defined hypothesis?

It is overly complex and detailed.
It is based solely on theoretical concepts without practical application.
It is vague and ambiguous.
It relates to the problem statement clearly. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a Directional Hypothesis?

Increased exercise leads to improved mental health. (A)

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Which of the following is a Complex Hypothesis?

Individuals who consume high sugar diets may face obesity and diabetes. (C)

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What differentiates an Associative Hypothesis from a Causal Hypothesis?

Associative suggests correlation without specifying cause. (B)

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Which of the following hypotheses is well-defined?

Social media use causes anxiety. (B)

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Which of the following represents a Non-Directional Hypothesis?

There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer. (B)

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Flashcards

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative statement that predicts a relationship between two or more variables being studied.

Simple Hypothesis

A simple hypothesis focuses on the relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable.

Complex Hypothesis

A complex hypothesis investigates the relationship between multiple independent variables and one or more dependent variables.

Directional Hypothesis

A directional hypothesis predicts the specific nature (positive or negative) of the relationship between variables.

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Non-directional Hypothesis

A non-directional hypothesis simply states that there is a relationship between variables without specifying its nature.

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Null Hypothesis

A null hypothesis proposes that there is no relationship between the variables being studied.

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Causal Hypothesis

A causal hypothesis posits that one variable directly causes a change in another.

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Associative Hypothesis

An associative hypothesis suggests that two or more variables are related but doesn't imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

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Study Notes

Objectives

Students will define hypothesis at the end of the lesson
Students will differentiate types of hypothesis
Students will write a well-defined hypothesis using given variables

Hypothesis

A tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under the study

Types of Hypothesis

Simple and Complex Hypothesis
Associative or causal Hypothesis
Directional or Non-directional Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis

Simple and Complex Hypothesis

Smoking is a prominent cause of lung cancer
Individuals who eat more fruit tend to have higher immunity, lesser cholesterol, and high metabolism.

Directional and Non-Directional Hypothesis

There is a positive relationship between years of teaching experience and job satisfaction among teachers
There is a relationship between years of teaching and job satisfaction among teachers

Null Hypothesis

There is no relationship between smoking and the incidence of lung cancer among teenagers

Associative and Causal Hypothesis

(No specific information provided)

How to Write a Well-Defined Hypothesis

(No specific information provided) - Example provided

Characteristics of a Well-Defined Hypothesis

States the expected relationship between variables
Testable
Derived from problem statements
Simple and concise

Activity Examples (Well-defined/Not Well-Defined)

Chocolate is better than vanilla (NO): Subjective and not testable
Sleep deprivation affects cognition (YES): Testable and measurable
Animals adapt to their environment (NO): Too broad and not specific enough
Social media use causes anxiety (YES): Measurable though causation may be complex
Silver weapons can kill werewolves (NO): Not scientifically verifiable.