Understanding High Blood Pressure

Study Notes

Definition of High Blood Pressure

Hypertension is the condition where blood force against artery walls is consistently high.
Often termed the "silent killer" due to a lack of noticeable symptoms.
Can lead to serious health issues without awareness.

Causes of Hypertension

Primary Hypertension: No single identifiable cause; multiple contributing factors.
- Unhealthy eating (diet high in sodium)
- Lack of physical activity
- Excessive alcohol consumption
Secondary Hypertension: Has identifiable causes.
- Medications (e.g., immunosuppressants, NSAIDs, oral contraceptives)
- Kidney disease
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Primary aldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)

Symptoms of Hypertension

Often asymptomatic, but untreated hypertension can cause serious health problems, such as:
- Kidney disease
- Heart disease
- Stroke
Symptoms of severely high blood pressure (≥ 180/120) may include:
- Severe headaches
- Chest pain
- Dizziness
- Breathing difficulties
- Nausea and vomiting
- Vision changes
- Anxiety and confusion
- Tinnitus (buzzing in the ears)
- Nosebleeds
- Abnormal heart rhythms

Treatment of Hypertension

Lifestyle modifications are crucial in lowering blood pressure, including:
- Adopting a healthy, low-salt diet
- Weight loss
- Increased physical activity
- Quitting tobacco use
Medication may be prescribed based on individual health conditions:
- Goal: <130/80 mmHg for patients with cardiovascular issues, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or high cardiovascular risk.
- For most individuals, target is <140/90 mmHg.
Common blood pressure medications:
- ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, lisinopril): Relax blood vessels.
- ARBs (e.g., losartan, telmisartan): Prevent kidney damage.
- Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., amlodipine, felodipine): Relax blood vessels.
- Diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone): Eliminate excess water.

Prevention of Hypertension

Lifestyle changes are essential for prevention and management:
- Increase intake of vegetables and fruits.
- Decrease sedentary behavior.
- Engage in physical activity, recommending 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity weekly.
- Include strength training exercises at least twice per week.
- Maintain healthy weight.
- Adhere to prescribed medication regimens and medical appointments.
Avoidance strategies:
- Limit salt intake (under 2 grams daily).
- Steer clear of foods high in bad fats.
- Do not smoke or use tobacco.
- Limit alcohol consumption (max 1 drink/day for women, 2 for men).
- Ensure consistent medication adherence.
Strategies to reduce hypertension risks:
- Manage stress.
- Regularly monitor blood pressure.
- Treat existing hypertension and related medical conditions.
- Minimize exposure to air pollution.

Description

This quiz explores the key aspects of high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. Delve into its definition, causes, and the importance of awareness regarding this often symptomless condition. Enhance your understanding of how lifestyle choices can impact blood pressure levels.