Understanding Globalization and the Global Interstate System
100 Questions
16 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does Manfred Steger define globalization as?

  • The integration of global economies through trade.
  • The process of political unification among nations.
  • The spread of technological advancements worldwide.
  • The expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness. (correct)

According to the definition provided by Albrow, globalization suggests we see ourselves as part of which age?

  • The technological age
  • The global age (correct)
  • The economic age
  • The information age

Which of the following is NOT one of Mittelman's three ways to describe globalization?

  • Compression of time and space
  • A material power in historical structure
  • Factors in production intensification
  • Distribution of natural resources (correct)

What aspect does Economic Globalization primarily measure?

<p>The flow of goods, capital, and services accompanied by information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Global Interstate System (GIS)?

<p>An institutional arrangement addressing regional or globalized issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Divine Right Theory assert about the origins of states?

<p>That states originate from divine creation and rulership comes from a god. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a measure of Political Globalization?

<p>The number of embassies and consulates in a country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the essence of globalization as described in the content?

<p>A complex integration of various factors leading to interdependence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory suggests that the state was created through the imposition of force by a powerful leader?

<p>Necessity or Force Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a domain of territory under the elements of a state?

<p>Economic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which theory does the right of the people to revolt against their ruler originate?

<p>Social Contract Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the government serve within a state?

<p>To provide mechanisms for policy formulation and implementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sovereignty' refer to in the context of a state?

<p>The supreme authority to enforce laws within its territory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gaps refers to the lack of an authority to take action on global governance issues?

<p>Jurisdictional Gap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which council within the United Nations is responsible for maintaining international peace and security?

<p>UN Security Council (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic globalization is primarily driven by which of the following factors?

<p>Modern technologies and institutional frameworks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bodies primarily assists the UN General Assembly in promoting social development?

<p>Economic and Social Council (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the increasing interconnectivity of countries, often facilitated by technology and communication?

<p>Globalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gap illustrates the challenge of civil society’s limited involvement in international policymaking?

<p>Participation Gap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does globalization impact national and local policies?

<p>It influences them to incorporate international realities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes global governance?

<p>The management of global processes in the absence of global government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of out-of-school children is estimated to never attend school again?

<p>2 in 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal focuses on gender equality?

<p>Goal 5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is at the core of Sustainable Development Goals related to clean water?

<p>Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal is the least focused on industrial aspects?

<p>Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge that Goal 10 aims to address?

<p>Inequalities based on age, sex, and race (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals is primarily concerned with climate action?

<p>Goal 13 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal aspect does Goal 16 focus on enhancing?

<p>Peace, justice, and strong institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals?

<p>A global partnership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal is concerned with economic growth and job creation?

<p>Goal 8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of global population is projected to live in urban areas by 2030?

<p>6 out of 10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical natural resource issue does Goal 12 address?

<p>Responsible consumption and production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal addresses the preservation of marine resources?

<p>Goal 14 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier to sustainable development mentioned in connection with gender equality?

<p>High rates of child marriage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal focuses on reducing poverty through industrialization?

<p>Goal 9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major event marked significant political changes that led to trade liberalization and free flow of capital?

<p>The fall of the Berlin Wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crisis in 1994/95 significantly challenged the optimism surrounding globalization?

<p>Mexico's economic crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary roles of International Financial Institutions?

<p>To provide technical advice and financial support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization plays a central role in defining the global macroeconomic agenda?

<p>World Bank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the aims of Sustainable Development Goal 1?

<p>End poverty in all its forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which goal emphasizes addressing malnutrition and ensuring access to safe food?

<p>Goal 2: Zero Hunger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contributing factor to the rise of globalization in the late 1990s?

<p>Advent of the modern Internet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is known for providing short-term financial assistance to countries for balance of payments adjustments?

<p>International Monetary Fund (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics does NOT align with the expectations of the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

<p>Widespread economic stagnation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been identified as a recommendation to confront the challenges predicted during the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

<p>Enhancing solidarity and cooperation among countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development's aims?

<p>Fund military projects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sustainable Development Goal 3 prioritize in terms of health?

<p>Comprehensive healthcare coverage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was instrumental in the formal entry of China into the international trading system?

<p>World Trade Organization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major impact of the 1994/95 Mexico crisis on the global economy?

<p>Led to a negative spillover effect on developed countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of multinational companies in economic globalization?

<p>They centralize planning and decision-making for all international operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes horizontal integration?

<p>A merger of companies to enhance economies of scale and market power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant danger of backward vertical integration?

<p>It may lead to misalignment in production strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transnational companies (TNCs) from multinational companies (MNCs)?

<p>TNCs allow local operations to make independent decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of international economic organizations?

<p>Implementing strict governmental regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy of vertical integration focuses on acquiring suppliers?

<p>Backward vertical integration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of global civil society in economic globalization?

<p>To create networks promoting policy changes and alternatives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of conglomerate integration?

<p>Fusing companies from completely unrelated sectors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of market integration?

<p>A single food retailer establishing a distribution center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the dominance of developed countries in economic globalization?

<p>Their roles in global industries and financial markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impacts does market integration typically lead to?

<p>Greater interdependence in terms of commodity flows. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a primary consequence of firms engaging in vertical integration?

<p>Enhanced control over the value chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spillover of impacts' refer to in the context of market integration?

<p>Unintended economic consequences affecting interconnected markets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern addressed by global advocacy networks within civil society?

<p>To promote principled ideas and advocate for policy changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyper-Globalist defines Globalization as:

<p>Reordering of the framework of human actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyper-Globalists view Globalization as being driven by:

<p>Capitalism and technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyper-Globalists view Globalization as resulting in:

<p>A global civilization, a global free market economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyper-Globalists view Nation-State power as:

<p>Declining or eroding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sceptics defines Globalization as:

<p>Internationalization and regionalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sceptics view Globalization as being driven by:

<p>States and Markets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sceptics view Globalization as resulting in:

<p>Regional blocks, state-controlled, Internalization, possible class of civilizations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sceptics view Nation-State power as:

<p>Reinforced or enhanced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformationalists define Globalization as:

<p>Reordering inter-regional relations and actions at a distance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformationalists view Globalization as being driven by:

<p>Combined forces of modernity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformationalists view Globalization as resulting in:

<p>Greater global interconnectedness and the transformation of world political institutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformationalists view Nation-State power as:

<p>Reconstituted or reconstructed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roudometof's definition of Internationalism

<p>Defined as political, economic, and cultural cooperation between nations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roudometof's definition of Globalism

<p>It is an ideology based on belief that flow of people, goods, and information should flow freely across national borders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sargent's definition of Globalism

<p>Focuses more on the economic aspect of the exchanges of among countries and society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sargent's definition of Internationalism

<p>Emphasizes diversity and celebrates multiculturalism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Global Governance according to Weiss (2013)?

<p>Global governance is a set of questions that enable us to work out how the world is, was, and could be governed, and how changes in grand and not-so-grand patterns of governance occurred, are occurring, and ought to occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Various Analysts:

<p>Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a measure of Social and Cultural Globalization?

<p>The spread of ideas, information, images, and people. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a State?

<p>A community of persons more or less numerous, permanently residing in a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which theory suggests that the state emerged from the enlargement of the family, with the authority remaining with the family?

<p>Paternalistic Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Includes not only the land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends.

<p>Territory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It pertains to the mass population permanently living within the state.

<p>People (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Effects of Globalization to Governments?

<p>Globalization impacts policymaking, necessitates international cooperation, and can create job opportunities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the United Nations?

<p>The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization (IGO) playing a vital role in world affairs, designed to facilitate international law enforcement, security, human rights protection, and promote economic and social progress among member states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which council within the United Nations is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN? Composed of all member states, where they discuss international issues and make recommendations to uphold UN principles.

<p>UN General Assembly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which council of the United Nations assists the UN General Assembly in promoting cooperation of member states.

<p>The Economic and Social Council (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gap illustrates the need for international cooperation and the motivation to under take it?

<p>Incentive Gap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Sudgen & Wilson (2005) Economic Globalization is?

<p>Economic Globalization is the expansion of national economies, the global market driven by modern technologies and institutional set ups that promote faster and easier flow of goods and capital. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of International Economic Organizations?

<p>These organizations play a crucial role in facilitating international trade and development, promoting regional cooperation through agreements and standards, and influencing economic policies among member countries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an organization that promote regional agreements and standards that facilitates better trade?

<p>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a critical organization in developing and pushing for neoliberal policies among different countries, and also in facilitating trade and development among states?

<p>Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best distinguishes Multinational Corporations (MNCs) from Transnational Corporations (TNCs)?

<p>MNCs typically have a more centralized structure, while TNCs often exhibit a more decentralized structure, allowing for greater flexibility and adaptation to local markets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of Central Banks?

<p>Central banks play a crucial role in influencing economic development by managing monetary policy, controlling inflation, and maintaining financial stability, with some arguing that their influence can surpass that of elected politicians. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary motivation for a company to pursue a vertical integration strategy?

<p>To reduce dependence on external suppliers and gain greater control over the production and distribution process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Forward Vertical Integration?

<p>Forward vertical integration involves a company acquiring or merging with its customers or distributors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most significant contribution of International Financial Institutions

<p>IFIs analysis and ideas that dominated the aspects of development strategy and ideology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Globalization

The expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across time and space.

Globalization as a Process

A process where an increasing flow of ideas, goods, services, technology, and capital leads to interconnected economies and societies.

Globalization as a Complex Phenomenon

Globalization is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon that involves intensified production, compression of time & space, and the influence of global powers.

Globalization's Impact on Perspectives

The interconnectedness of the world, where local and national perspectives merge with a broader, interdependent outlook.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Economic Globalization

The measurement of goods, capital, services, and information flows across long distances, reflecting market exchanges.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social and Cultural Globalization

The spread of ideas, information, images, and people across borders, leading to cultural exchange and interaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Political Globalization

The diffusion of government policies and the increasing role of international organizations, reflecting greater interconnectedness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global Interstate System (GIS)

An organized system that governs international relations for the benefit of all participating nations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Necessity or Force Theory

The idea that a state was formed through force, where a powerful leader imposed their will on the people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Paternalistic Theory

Suggests that states originated from expanding families, with the father or mother as the ultimate authority.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Contract Theory

The theory that states were formed by a voluntary agreement among people to create a society and government for their common good.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Territory

The land, including the land, inland waters, sea, airspace, and space above, controlled by a state.

Signup and view all the flashcards

People

The permanent population residing within a state's boundaries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Government

The mechanism that formulates, enforces, and implements state policies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sovereignty

The supreme authority of a state to enforce its laws and commands on its citizens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Globalized Policies

Policies influenced by both local context and international and global realities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

International Agreements

International agreements and efforts aimed at addressing global challenges beyond borders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global Governance

A set of questions about how the world is governed, changing patterns of governance, and how it should be governed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

United Nations

A non-state actor, an international government organization playing a vital role in global affairs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

UN General Assembly

The UN's main decision-making body, composed of all member states.

Signup and view all the flashcards

UN Security Council

The UN body responsible for upholding international peace and security, with 5 permanent members.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Jurisdictional Gap

The gap between the increasing need for global governance and the lack of authority with the power to act.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neoliberalism

The principle that emphasizes market forces and minimal government intervention in economic activities, prioritizing free trade and deregulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

International Economic Organizations

Organizations that promote regional agreements and standards to facilitate trade, knowledge exchange, and cooperation among countries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multinational Companies (MNCs)

Large companies operating in multiple countries, often with centralized decision-making for all international operations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transnational Companies (TNCs)

Companies with a decentralized structure, where each international unit may operate independently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Central Banks

Financial institutions that manage a country's currency, interest rates, and money supply, often influencing the national economy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global Civil Society

A diverse group of individuals and organizations advocating for social and economic change, often challenging the consequences of economic globalization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs)

Networks of individuals and groups working together to promote specific causes and influence policy changes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Market Integration

The process of creating a single, integrated market by eliminating barriers to trade, investments, and the movement of goods and resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Horizontal Integration

A competitive strategy where businesses merge or acquire competitors in the same industry to gain economies of scale, increase market power, and improve efficiency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vertical Integration

A strategy where companies expand their business activities vertically, by taking control of different stages of the value chain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Backward Vertical Integration

A type of vertical integration where a company acquires or develops its suppliers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forward Vertical Integration

A type of vertical integration where a company acquires or develops its distributors or retailers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conglomerate Integration

A strategy where companies merge with businesses operating in completely unrelated industries to diversify their activities and reduce risks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

First Period of Globalization

The period between 1870 and 1914, characterized by significant growth in international trade, capital flows, and migration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDGs

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to address global challenges and achieve sustainable development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 5: Gender Equality

The SDG focusing on achieving gender equality and women's empowerment, encompassing areas like education, child marriage, and sexual and reproductive health.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

The SDG emphasizing the importance of clean water and sanitation for human survival and the planet's health, addressing issues like drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

The SDG promoting affordable and clean energy sources, recognizing its crucial role in poverty eradication, health, education, and combating climate change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

The SDG targeting sustained and inclusive economic growth, with a focus on decent work, job creation, and poverty reduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

The SDG encompassing infrastructure development, industrialization, and innovation, aiming to drive economic growth, create jobs, and advance technological capabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities

The SDG advocating for reducing inequalities across all aspects of life, including income, age, gender, disability, race, and economic status, both within and between countries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

The SDG focusing on creating sustainable cities and communities, highlighting the crucial role of well-managed urban environments for innovation and sustainable development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

The SDG emphasizing responsible consumption and production patterns, urging for efficient resource utilization, waste reduction, and sustainable economic activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 13: Climate Action

The SDG concentrating on urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, recognizing the severity of the threat to development and the need for global cooperation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 14: Life Below Water

The SDG focusing on protecting and restoring oceans and marine resources, recognizing their fundamental role in human well-being and economic development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 15: Life on Land

The SDG dedicated to preserving terrestrial ecosystems, promoting sustainable land management, combating desertification, and halting biodiversity loss.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

The SDG emphasizing the importance of peaceful, just, and inclusive societies, with strong institutions, for sustainable development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

The SDG calling for revitalized global partnerships involving governments, civil society, the private sector, and the United Nations system, to mobilize resources and support developing countries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The First Wave of Globalization

The period between World War II and the late 1990s, characterized by increased global economic integration and the rise of multinational corporations (MNCs). Governments supported this shift through policies fostering trade, technological advancements in transportation and communication facilitated the flow of goods and ideas, and international financial institutions played a crucial role in guiding economic development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Second Wave of Globalization

The period starting from the late 1990s and continuing till the early 2000s, marked by increased trade liberalization, the emergence of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the rapid growth of the Asian economy. This era also saw the advent of the internet, a key enabler of globalization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Third Wave of Globalization

The period from the late 1990s to the present day, characterized by the continued rise of emerging markets, particularly China, and the focus on sustainable development. This phase also sees the deepening of the global financial system and the challenges posed by global debt crises and geopolitical conflicts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

International Financial Institutions (IFIs)

Organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, established to promote international monetary cooperation, provide financial assistance, and aid economic development in countries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An international organization with 183 member countries. The IMF aims to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, foster economic growth, and provide short-term financial assistance to countries experiencing balance of payments difficulties. It plays a crucial role in stabilizing global financial systems by providing emergency loans during financial crises.

Signup and view all the flashcards

World Bank

A global organization with 189 member countries. The World Bank aims to reduce poverty and support sustainable development in developing countries. It provides long-term loans, grants, and technical assistance to governments and organizations for infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and other sectors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An international organization with 189 member countries, focused on promoting international trade and economic cooperation. It provides a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements, settle trade disputes, and administer international trade rules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 interconnected goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015, with a target date of 2030. These goals aim to address pressing global challenges including poverty, hunger, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. They encompass social, economic, and environmental sustainability and emphasize international collaboration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 1: No Poverty

The first Sustainable Development Goal, aimed at ending poverty in all its forms by 2030. This includes guaranteeing social protection for the vulnerable, enhancing access to basic services, and providing support to those affected by disasters and economic shocks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 2: Zero Hunger

The second Sustainable Development Goal, focused on ending hunger, achieving food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture. It aims to ensure access to nutritious and sufficient food for all, regardless of location or economic circumstances, and to strengthen resilient agricultural practices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being

The third Sustainable Development Goal, focused on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. It addresses major health issues, including maternal and child health, communicable and non-communicable diseases, universal health coverage, and access to affordable medicines. The goal also aims to strengthen healthcare systems and promote health risk management.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDG 4: Quality Education

The fourth Sustainable Development Goal, focused on ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. It aims to eliminate gender disparities in education, ensure access to affordable and quality education at all levels, and increase the number of qualified teachers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Globalization

  • Globalization is the expansion and intensification of social relations across world-time and world-space. (Steger, 2014)
  • Globalization's omnipresence makes us aware of the "global age." (Albrow, 1996)
  • Globalization integrates economics and societies at an unprecedented speed. (Danug & Campanilla, 2004)
  • Globalization is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon. (Mittelman, 2006)
    • Factors intensify production.
    • Time and space compress.
    • It's a material power in historical structure.
  • Globalization broadens perspectives, connecting and making countries interdependent through capital, goods, and services exchange.

Global Interstate System

  • The Global Interstate System (GIS) is an organized institution governing international relations for mutual benefit. (Chase-Dunn, 1981)
  • The GIS addresses regional and global issues beyond national borders.

State

  • A state is a community of people residing in a defined territory, with a governing body they obey and independence from external control.
  • Origins of States:
    • Divine Right Theory: God creates the state and chooses rulers.
    • Necessity/Force Theory: States emerge through force exerted by powerful individuals.
    • Paternalistic Theory: States develop from expanded families under a leader.
    • Social Contract Theory: States are formed through agreement among people for common good, justifying revolt against oppressive rulers.
  • Elements of State:
    • Territory: Includes land, inland waters, seas, and airspace.
    • People: Permanent residents, ideally not nomadic, sufficient in size for self-governance.
    • Government: Machinery for formulating, determining, and enacting policies (with the inherent powers of the state).
    • Sovereignty: Supreme authority to enforce laws on citizens.

Effects of Globalization on Governments

  • Local and national policies consider international and global realities.
  • International agreements target borderless challenges.
  • Globalization creates job opportunities through investors.
  • Globalization can displace workers due to industry changes.
  • Globalization can lead to income disparity between urban and rural areas.

Globalism and Internationalism

  • Globalism and internationalism are often used interchangeably to describe increased connectivity through communications, transport, and technology. (Roudometof, 2005)

Global Governance

  • Global governance manages global processes without a global government. (Weiss, 2013)
  • Global governance enables us to understand how world is governed, by recognizing patterns of change, as a tool to govern and solve issues.

United Nations

  • The UN is a major non-state actor and international governmental organization (IGO).
  • The UN promotes enforcement of international law, security, human rights, economic development, and social progress.
  • It's a large voluntary corporate responsibility initiative involving companies, agencies, unions, and civil society to promote environmental protection, human rights, and social principles.
    • UN General Assembly: Main decision-making, representative body.
    • UN Security Council: Authorizes military deployment, mandates ceasefires, and enforces penalties.
    • International Court of Justice: Settles legal disputes between states and provides legal opinions.
    • Economic and Social Council: Assists the General Assembly in promoting economic and social development.
    • Secretariat: Provides studies, information, and data for UN meetings, headed by the Secretary-General.
  • Gaps in Global Governance:
    • Jurisdictional Gap: Lack of authority capable of action in areas like global health.
    • Incentive Gap: Difficulty motivating international cooperation, though this is mitigated by increasing globalization.
    • Participation Gap: Primarily government-focused cooperation, but the globalization of communication facilitates global civil society movements.

Global Economy and Market Integration

  • Economic Globalization: Expansion of national economies driven by technology and institutions facilitating goods and capital flow.
  • Economic globalization focuses on increasing economic relations among countries.
  • Driven by Neoliberal principles, with the market as the central economic driver with less government intervention (Martin, Schumann & Camiller, 1997).
  • Globalization results in global industry restructuring—developed countries hold a dominant position. (Shangquan, 2000)
  • Actors of Economic Globalization:
    • International Economic Organizations (IEOs): G8, G20, ASEAN, NAFTA, IMF, World Bank, OECD. Promote trade agreements, knowledge transfers, and cooperation.
    • Multinational/Transnational Companies (MNCs/TNCs): Centralized/decentralized companies driving global business.
    • Central Banks: Powerful economic actors, influencing national and global economies.
    • Global Civil Society: Individuals or groups opposing negative effects of globalization, advocating policies and advocating for alternative world order.

Market Integration

  • Market Integration: Economies become more interconnected—commodity flows.
  • Types of Market Integration:
    • Horizontal Integration: Merging companies in the same industry to increase scale, market power, and product differentiation.
    • Vertical Integration: Gaining control of different stages in the production process (e.g., suppliers or buyers).
      • Backward Vertical Integration: Acquiring suppliers.
      • Forward Vertical Integration: Acquiring buyers.
    • Conglomerate Integration: Merging unrelated businesses for product/market diversification

History of Global Economy

  • Early Globalization (Pre-1914): Large trade, capital, and immigration flows, but limited institutional structure.
  • Mid-20th Century to 1990s: Modern international economic architecture develops, along with MNC expansion and improved communications.
  • Late 1990s to Today: Further market integration, internet development, WTO formation.
  • Challenges and Concerns: 1994/95 Mexico crisis, global debt crises, political unrest, affecting the global market and diplomacy.

Role of Financial Institutions and Global Corporations

  • International Financial Institutions (IFIs): Institutions that support a country's development via local/grants and technical knowledge.
    • IMF: Improves international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, economic growth.
    • World Bank: Oversees economic policy and public institution reforms in developing nations.
  • World Bank Composition: IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID

Sustainable Development Goals

  • The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets 17 goals for peace and prosperity, including ending poverty, improving health and education, reducing inequality, fostering economic growth, addressing climate change, and preserving the planet. (adopted by all UN member states in 2015).

  • (Goal 1: No Poverty)-Ending poverty, providing social protection, and ensuring basic services.

  • (Goal 2: Zero Hunger)-Ending hunger by 2030.

  • (Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being)-Ensuring good health, aiming for universal access to quality healthcare and medicine.

  • (Goal 4: Quality Education)- Improving and ensuring education.

  • (Goal 5: Gender Equality)- Ensuring equality of opportunities for women.

  • (Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation)-Addressing water and sanitation issues.

  • (Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy)- Providing access to affordable and clean energy.

  • (Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth)- Supporting economic growth.

  • (Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure)- Investing in infrastructure, encouraging industrialization and innovation.

  • (Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities)-Reducing inequality among individuals, groups and countries.

  • (Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities)- Ensuring urban planning strategies.

  • (Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production)-Sustainable production to reduce natural resources consumption.

  • (Goal 13: Climate Action)- Urgent action to combatting climate change.

  • (Goal 14: Life Below Water)- Protecting oceans and marine resources.

  • (Goal 15: Life on Land)- Promoting sustainable use of land resources.

  • (Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions)-Strengthening peace and justice institutions and improving governance.

  • (Goal 17: Partnerships)- Revitalized global partnership to achieve the goals with support for developing countries.

Indigenous Peoples’ Studies

  • (Refer to shared materials.)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz explores the concepts of globalization, its impact on societies, and the Global Interstate System (GIS) that governs international relations. Learn how these ideas shape our understanding of global interdependence and the complexities of state governance. Test your knowledge on these essential topics that define the global age.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser