5 Questions
Explain the role of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in preventing gastroesophageal reflux.
The LES is a bundle of muscles at the low end of the esophagus, where it meets the stomach, and maintains tonic contraction to serve as the primary barrier against gastroesophageal reflux. It works in conjunction with the diaphragm and prevents acidic gastric reflux under positive pressure.
What is the primary function of stratified squamous epithelium in the esophagus?
The stratified squamous epithelium in the esophagus is resistant to the abrasion of foods and sensitive to acid, providing protection against the effects of acid reflux.
What are the gross and microscopic features of reflux esophagitis?
Gross features may include erythema, friability, and ulceration. Microscopic features may include basal zone hyperplasia, papillary elongation, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
What are the clinical features of reflux esophagitis?
Clinical features may include heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, and respiratory symptoms.
What are the complications of reflux esophagitis?
Complications may include esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus, and increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Test your knowledge on the pathophysiology, clinical features, pathology, and complications of GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with this quiz. Be prepared to understand the underlying mechanisms and manifestations of reflux esophagitis.
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