Chapter 10 - Emotion
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three commonly agreed-upon components of emotion?

  • Behavioral response
  • Feeling
  • Cognitive appraisal (correct)
  • Physiological reaction

    • Chronic stress can have negative effects on mental health.

    True

    Name one brain area included in the Papez circuit.

    Hypothalamus

    Moods are long-lasting emotional states that do not have an identifiable __________ or trigger.

    <p>object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of emotions with their characteristics.

    <p>Basic emotions = Unique characteristics carved by evolution Complex emotions = Combinations of basic emotions influenced by social learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the concept of the locationist account of emotion?

    <p>Multiple neural systems can be involved depending on the emotional context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All emotional states are produced by the same neural circuits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a physiological reaction to a stimulus in emotions?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Ekman's criteria for basic emotions?

    <p>Complex cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basic emotions can only be identified in humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two dimensions along which emotions can vary.

    <p>Valence and arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dimensional theories of emotion, emotions can vary along a __________.

    <p>continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the basic emotions to their corresponding facial expressions:

    <p>Anger = Furrowed brows, tight lips Fear = Wide eyes, open mouth Disgust = Wrinkled nose, lowered brows Happiness = Smiling with raised cheeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a complex emotion?

    <p>Jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dimensional theories suggest that emotions are discrete states with clear boundaries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many basic emotional states did Ekman propose?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an emotion?

    <p>A change in response across various systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotions can only be unlearned responses to stimuli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do emotions have on cognitive processes like decision making?

    <p>They can significantly influence and alter decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An emotion is triggered by specific ________ to the organism.

    <p>stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of response system with its description:

    <p>Experiential = Subjective feeling associated with emotion Behavioral = External expressions of emotion Peripheral = Physiological responses not under conscious control Physiological = Biological changes related to emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about emotions is true?

    <p>Emotions have identifiable objects or triggers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotions are solely dependent on rational thought processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between emotions and moods?

    <p>Emotions have identifiable triggers, while moods are more generalized and prolonged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amygdala in relation to emotional stimuli?

    <p>Mediating transient changes in visual processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hippocampus is responsible for modulating the strength of a memory acquired with arousal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two pathways through which information can reach the amygdala?

    <p>Low road and high road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The group that experienced a stressor showed higher levels of __________ than the control group.

    <p>cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'integral emotion' in decision-making?

    <p>Emotions elicited by the choice options being incorporated into the decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Incidental affect = Emotional state unrelated to the decision Approach behavior = Motivation to engage positively with a stimulus Avoidance behavior = Motivation to disengage or avoid a stimulus Cortisol = Hormone released during stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stressful events immediately affect memory performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amygdala acts as a __________ between different inputs and choices.

    <p>common currency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a key role in emotion regulation?

    <p>Interaction of frontal cortical structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotion regulation is a straightforward process that only involves behavioral cues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning?

    <p>The amygdala is crucial for processing fear-related stimuli and forming fear memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paul Ekman's basic emotions include happiness, sadness, anger, fear, ____, and surprise.

    <p>disgust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of emotion with their descriptions:

    <p>Behavioral = Observable reactions or expressions Experiential = Subjective feelings Physiological = Changes in bodily responses Cognitive = Thought processes related to emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about different emotion regulation strategies is true?

    <p>Different emotion regulation strategies have different physiological effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The limbic system hypothesis has been fully validated without any criticisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe one effect of emotion on another cognitive process.

    <p>Emotion can influence decision-making by altering perceptions and judgments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Emotion

    • Emotions are complex and involve changes across multiple systems: experiential, behavioral, peripheral, and physiological.
    • Distinct from moods due to their identifiable triggers or objects.
    • Can be innate responses with intrinsic affective properties or learned responses based on previous experiences.
    • Involve multiple appraisal processes that assess the significance of stimuli relative to current goals.
    • Depend on various neural systems; emotions are internal states triggered by specific stimuli.
    • Career significant emotional reactions can be physiological, behavioral, and subjective feelings.

    Neural Systems in Emotion Processing

    • The limbic system was historically considered the primary structure for emotion.
    • Current understanding recognizes multiple neural circuits contributing to different emotional states.
    • Neuroimaging has shown that various emotional states activate numerous brain networks, challenging the locationist perspective.

    Categories of Emotions

    • Basic Emotions: Universal emotions that are evolutionarily developed and manifested through distinctive facial expressions.
    • Complex Emotions: Combinations of basic emotions, influenced by social and cultural contexts and resulting in longer-lasting feelings.
    • Dimensional Theories: Emotions considered along continua, such as pleasantness/unpleasantness and intensity, rather than discrete states.

    Basic Emotions Criteria

    • Common criteria for basic emotions include distinctive universal signals, rapid onset, presence in other primates, and brief duration.
    • Paul Ekman's six basic emotions: anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise.

    Interaction with Cognitive Processes

    • Emotions influence cognitive functions such as perception, attention, learning, memory, and decision-making.
    • Stress can elevate cortisol levels, affecting memory performance over time.
    • Incidental Affect: The emotional state unrelated to the decision can influence choices.
    • Integral Emotion: Emotions tied to the decision-making options become integrated into the decision process.

    Emotion Regulation

    • Emotion regulation is a complex interplay involving frontal cortical structures and subcortical regions.
    • Different strategies for emotion regulation yield varying physiological outcomes.

    Summary and Considerations

    • Emotion is defined by its physiological reactions, behavioral responses, and subjective feelings.
    • Ongoing debates surround the limbic system hypothesis regarding which elements are valid or contested.
    • The amygdala plays a critical role in fear conditioning and the processing of emotionally laden stimuli.
    • Exploring the relationship of basic emotions to facial expressions enhances understanding of emotional communication.

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    Chapter 10 - Emotion.docx

    Description

    This quiz explores the complexities of emotions, examining their multifaceted nature across different systems such as behavioral and physiological. Learn about how emotions are distinct from moods, the role of appraisal processes, and the interplay of innate and learned responses. Test your knowledge and understanding of this fundamental aspect of psychology.

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