Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Quiz

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

• Groups are a collection of individuals who share common goals, values, and norms.
• Aggregates are a temporary collection of people in the same location who don't know each other, like people on an MRT train.
• Categories are groups of people sharing characteristics but without a sense of belonging.
• Primary groups are characterized by intimate, face-to-face interactions and shared values. Family members are an example.
• Descent groups are permanent social units claiming common ancestry, with lifelong membership determined at birth.

Descent

• Unilineal Descent traces ancestry through one parent, either matrilineal or patrilineal.
• Matrilineal descent traces ancestry through the female line.
• Patrilineal descent traces ancestry through the male line.
• Marriage is a cultural practice found in all societies, exemplified by the British monarchy.

Kinds of Political Organizations

• Bands are small, nomadic groups focused on survival through foraging and hunting. Band leaders lack formal power but coordinate activities.
• Tribes are groups of several bands sharing a territory, language, and way of life.
• Chiefdoms consist of allied tribes and villages under a single chief, sometimes encompassing thousands of members.
• States are political organizations with a government that exercises sovereign rule over a defined territory and population.

Economic History

• Hunting and gathering was the first economic system.
• Agricultural economy emerged as humans began cultivating crops.
• Industrial Revolution led to mass production and urbanization.
• Information Age/Post-Industrial Society is characterized by technological advancements and knowledge-based industries.
• Fourth Industrial Revolution focuses on artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation.

Economic Sector

• Primary sector involves raw materials extraction.
• Secondary sector processes raw materials into manufactured goods.
• Tertiary sector encompasses retail and service industries.
• Quaternary sector centers on research and development, including sustainable options proposal.

Economic System

• Capitalism is characterized by private ownership of the means of production, which are considered sources of wealth.
• Socialism promotes collective ownership of the means of production by the state.
• Mixed Economy combines elements of both capitalism and socialism, with many countries implementing this system with variations.
• Welfare state includes market-based economies with government-funded social programs like healthcare and education.
• State capitalism combines private enterprise with state intervention in the economy.

Issues in Philippine Education

• Quality of education is crucial and faces challenges in infrastructure, accessibility, and teacher development.
• Salary and Career Development of Teachers are significant issues.

Religions and Belief Systems

• Religion provides a sense of community and belonging, promoting solidarity and equality.
• Natumok is a term referring to the middle class, associated with a cultural belief system.
• Nawatwat describes someone working as a tenant for a kadangyan.

Social Stratification

• Social Stratification is a system of societal hierarchy based on factors like property, power, identities, and prestige.
• Caste System, prevalent in agricultural societies, determines an individual's status at birth and remains fixed throughout life.
• Social Mobility refers to movement between social classes.
• Intragenerational Mobility is change in one’s status within their lifetime.
• Intergenerational Mobility is change in social status between generations (parents and children).
• Horizontal Mobility signifies a change in occupation without altering social status.
• Vertical Mobility refers to upward or downward movement in social hierarchy.

Global Stratification

• Industrialized States are wealthy countries with high per capita income, large-scale industries, extensive infrastructure, and high standards of living.
• Modernization Theory proposes that modern and industrialized societies are more productive, have reduced poverty, and enjoy better living standards.

World System Theory

• World Systems Theory describes a global economic system with core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral states.
• Core States are wealthy industrialized nations like Britain and France, who benefited from early industrialization.
• Semi-periphery States are heavily reliant on trade with core states, often experiencing stagnation.
• Periphery States provide raw materials and cash crops to core states, experiencing limited development and resource extraction.

Dependence Theory

• Dependence Theory focuses on the relationship between developed (core) and developing (peripheral) countries, arguing that peripheral nations remain dependent on core states for economic growth.

Maintaining Global Stratification

• Eco-colonialism uses environmental policy for economic gains, benefiting core states and exploiting peripheral resources.
• Corporations operate globally and contribute to unequal distribution of wealth and exploitation.
• Technological Innovation is increasingly controlled by core states, further widening the gap between core and periphery.

This quiz explores key concepts in culture, society, and politics, including group dynamics, types of descent, and political organizations. Test your knowledge on categories such as unilineal descent and the significance of family structures in social interactions.