Questions and Answers
What does the term 'culture' primarily encompass?
What type of culture is described as tangible and created by human beings?
Which of the following best describes 'cultural variation'?
Ethnicity is most accurately described as:
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What is the primary function of politics as defined in the content?
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What defines 'nationality' in the context of cultural identity?
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Which category of cultural variation is characterized by traits found across many but not all societies?
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How is 'gender' primarily distinguished from 'sex'?
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What is a characteristic of individuals identified as 'transgender'?
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What is an example of 'social differences' that can lead to discrimination?
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Study Notes
Understanding Culture
- Culture encompasses customs, beliefs, social forms, and traits defining specific racial, religious, or social groups.
- Influences behavior and interactions within social institutions.
- Varied greetings across cultures:
- United States: handshake
- France: cheek kisses
- Korea: bowing
- Philippines: “pagmamano” (pressing elders' hand to forehead)
Society and Politics
- Society: Derived from “socius” (Latin) meaning friend or companion; involves individuals sharing geographical or social territory.
- Politics: From “Politika” (Greek), related to governance and decision-making in communities.
Types of Culture
- Material Culture: Tangible creations of humans (e.g., food, clothing, technology).
- Non-Material Culture: Learned and observed behaviors (e.g., religions, customs, gestures).
Cultural Variation
- Represents differences in social behavior exhibited by various cultures worldwide.
- Religion: Derived from “religare” (Latin), signifies binding beliefs and practices toward divine entities (prayer, worship).
- Ethnicity: A collective identity based on shared culture and history, occasionally linked to national origin (e.g., racially Asian, ethnically Chinese).
- Nationality: Citizenship of a country involving legal obligations.
Examples of Cultural Variation
- Dress styles vary across Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia.
- Dance variations are evident in Philippines and Malaysia.
- Formalities differ between cultures.
Categories of Cultural Variation
- Universal: Traits found in all cultures.
- Generalities: Traits common in many but not all societies.
- Particularities: Traits unique to specific cultures.
Social Differences
- Refers to individual differences based on social characteristics such as class, role, age, ability, sex, etc.
- Can lead to discrimination rooted in these characteristics.
Key Social Differences
- Gender
- Gender roles
- Socio-economic class
- Ethnicity
- Race
Gender vs. Sex
- Gender: Personal identity (masculine or feminine) and constructed personality; varies independently of biological anatomy.
- Sex: Biological and anatomical characteristics defining male or female individuals.
LGBTQi Definitions
- Lesbian: Women attracted to other women.
- Gay: Men attracted to other men.
- Bisexual: Attraction to two genders, not necessarily equally or simultaneously.
- Transgender: Individuals whose gender identity differs from societal expectations based on their assigned sex at birth.
- Queer/Questioning: Individuals attracted to multiple genders.
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Description
Explore the intricate concepts of culture and society through this quiz. Learn about various customs, cultural practices, and the differences that shape our world. Test your knowledge on material and non-material culture, cultural variations, and the social frameworks that govern communities.
