Understanding Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Understanding Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Questions and Answers

ARDS is a spectrum of disease that progresses from mild to moderate to its most severe form.

True

Acute lung injury is a term used to describe moderate ARDS.

False

ARDS is characterized by an elevated left atrial pressure.

False

ARDS has been associated with a mortality rate ranging from 15% to 30%.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflammatory triggers in ARDS cause injury to the alveolar capillary membrane.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood returning to the lung for gas exchange is pumped through the ventilated, functioning areas of the lung.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

ARDS closely resembles mild pulmonary edema in its clinical manifestations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acute phase of ARDS is marked by a gradual onset of severe dyspnea.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

ARDS is classified based on the severity of hypoxemia, with mild ARDS having PaO2/FIO2 ratio > 300 mm Hg.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Findings on chest x-ray in ARDS are visible as unilateral infiltrates that quickly improve.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients in ARDS may have increased alveolar dead space due to poor ventilation and perfusion mismatch.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ARDS, patients typically have increased pulmonary compliance, making it easy to ventilate their lungs.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intercostal retractions and crackles are common physical examination findings in patients with ARDS.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are not useful in distinguishing ARDS from cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transthoracic echocardiography is always the first-choice diagnostic test for patients with potential ARDS.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical examination finding in patients with ARDS as mentioned in the text?

<p>Intercostal retractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is helpful in distinguishing ARDS from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

<p>Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the patient in the recovery phase of ARDS?

<p>Improved pulmonary compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do patients with ARDS typically experience in terms of alveolar dead space?

<p>Increased alveolar dead space due to poor perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue do patients with ARDS commonly face in terms of pulmonary compliance?

<p>Stiff lungs with decreased pulmonary compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in patients with ARDS?

<p>Hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the development of ARDS?

<p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant complication that patients with ARDS may die from?

<p>Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is commonly used to describe mild ARDS?

<p>Acute lung injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural damage occurs in the lungs of patients with ARDS due to inflammatory triggers?

<p>Alveolar capillary membrane thickening</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the severe, refractory hypoxemia in ARDS?

<p>Decreased lung compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ARDS differ from cardiogenic pulmonary edema in terms of arterial hypoxemia?

<p>ARDS experiences hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic finding on chest x-ray is common in both ARDS and cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

<p>Visible bilateral infiltrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is ARDS classified based on the severity of hypoxemia?

<p>Severe ARDS: PaO2/FIO2 ratio ≤ 100 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mild ARDS as it progresses?

<p>It develops into fibrosing alveolitis with persistent, severe hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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