Questions and Answers
What is the earliest clinical sign of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Increased respiratory rate
What is a common clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism?
Dyspnea
What would a nurse expect to note in a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Low arterial PaO2
Why would a nurse pay special attention to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during a physical examination?
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What is a possible complication of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
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What is a characteristic of a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
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What is the primary goal of teaching diaphragmatic breathing to a client?
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A client with emphysema may have an inspiratory-expiratory ratio of:
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What is the onset of action of codeine?
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What is the common feature of all types of pneumonia?
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What is the primary purpose of inspiratory resistive breathing?
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What is the duration of action of codeine?
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What is a characteristic of a person with COPD?
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What is a symptom of heart failure associated with COPD?
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What is a priority goal for the client with COPD?
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What is a characteristic of COPD?
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What is a goal of care for the client with COPD?
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What is a possible complication of COPD?
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What is a common cause of exacerbations of COPD?
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What is characteristic of breath sounds in a client with COPD?
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What is a nursing intervention for a client with crackles in the left posterior base of the lungs?
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What is the most reliable index to determine the respiratory status of a client?
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What is a characteristic of expiration in a client with COPD?
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What is a characteristic of chest movement in a client with COPD?
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What is a normal physiologic change related to aging in the respiratory system?
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What is the primary nursing diagnosis for a 79-year-old client with pneumonia?
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What would a nurse prioritize when assessing a client with pneumonia?
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What is a characteristic of pneumonia?
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What is a consequence of the inflammatory reaction in pneumonia?
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What is a potential complication of pneumonia?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- In COPD, breath sounds are diminished due to an enlarged antero-posterior diameter of the chest, and expiration becomes prolonged.
Auscultation
- Crackles in the left posterior base may indicate fluid in the alveoli or hypoventilation, and may clear after a deep breath or cough.
Respiratory Status
- The most reliable index to determine respiratory status is to listen and feel for air movement next to the client's mouth and nose.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Earliest clinical sign is an increased respiratory rate, followed by labored breathing, air hunger, retractions, and cyanosis, with a PaO2 lower than 60 mm Hg.
Pulmonary Embolism
- Common clinical manifestations include tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, and chest pain.
Asthma and Breathing Techniques
- Inspiratory resistive breathing can increase inspiratory muscle strength and endurance.
- Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing can decrease accessory muscle use and reduce the work of breathing.
- Pursed-lip breathing mimics a normal inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1:2.
Medication Administration
- Codeine's onset of action is 30 minutes, with a peak concentration in about 1 hour, a half-life of 2.5 hours, and a duration of action of 4 to 6 hours.
Pneumonia
- All types of pneumonia share a common feature of inflammatory pulmonary response to the offending organism or agent.
- A priority goal for the client with pneumonia is to maintain functional ability.
COPD
- A priority goal for the client with COPD is to manage the symptoms of the disease process to maintain functional ability.
- Preventing infection is a goal of care for the client with COPD.
Aging and Respiration
- A normal physiologic change related to aging is a decreased vital capacity.
- Shallow respirations are a normal finding in the elderly, but are not a sign of respiratory distress.
Nursing Diagnosis
- Ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions is a priority nursing diagnosis for a client with pneumonia.
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Description
Test your knowledge of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with these nursing questions. Learn about the signs, symptoms, and treatment options for this critical condition.
