Questions and Answers
Which structure is disrupted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Which condition is a direct injury risk that can precipitate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? (Select all that apply)
Which sign is indicative of the initial phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Which level of oxygen is the preferred maximum with mechanical ventilation?
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Which nonpulmonary function is contributory to the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
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Which problem may patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) report? (Select all that apply)
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Which classification is included in the Berlin Definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
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Which level of severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with 150 mm Hg less than PaO2/FiO2?
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Which sign is indicative of decreased ventilatory efficiency associated with the fibroproliferative stage of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
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Which combination of mechanical ventilation settings is used to prevent hypercapnia?
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Study Notes
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Overview
- ARDS involves disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane and is associated with noncardiac pulmonary edema.
Direct Injury Risks for ARDS
- Near-drowning can lead to ARDS via aspiration of water.
- Foreign body aspiration contributes to ARDS through airway obstruction.
- Pulmonary contusion from blunt force injuries can initiate ARDS.
- Pneumonia acts as a direct injury factor for ARDS development.
- Radiation exposure to the chest is another risk factor.
Initial Symptoms of ARDS
- Patients in the initial phase may exhibit restlessness, signaling reduced respiratory efficiency.
Mechanical Ventilation Oxygen Levels
- The preferred maximum oxygen level with mechanical ventilation is 50%, minimizing oxygen toxicity risks.
Key Non-pulmonary Functions in ARDS Management
- Cardiac output (CO) optimization is crucial to enhance recovery and reduce fluid leakage into the lungs.
Patient-reported Problems in ARDS
- Intrapulmonary shunting can impair gas exchange due to inflammation in lung tissue.
- Impaired cardiac output results from pulmonary circulation alterations.
- Anxiety often arises due to inadequate breathing capabilities.
- Malnutrition may occur due to increased work of breathing limiting food intake.
- Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch results from inflammatory changes affecting gas exchange.
ARDS Severity Classification
- The Berlin Definition categorizes ARDS severity into mild, moderate, and severe based on PaO2/FiO2 levels.
- Moderate ARDS is indicated by a PaO2/FiO2 level of 150 mm Hg.
Signs of Reduced Ventilatory Efficiency
- Excessive use of accessory muscles indicates diminished ventilatory efficiency in the fibroproliferative stage of ARDS.
Mechanical Ventilation Strategy
- An effective combination for preventing hypercapnia is low tidal volume/high respiration rate, ensuring efficient gas exchange while minimizing trauma.
Purpose of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
- PEEP is used to stabilize alveoli, promoting better oxygen levels and reducing the need for high FiO2.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with these flashcards. Learn about the key structures involved and the conditions that can lead to ARDS. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to reinforce their understanding of this critical topic.
