44 Questions
What is the Exner's Comprehensive System?
A standardized scoring system for the Rorschach Test
What is the inter-rater reliability in Exner's Comprehensive System?
Greater than 0.85
What is the drawback of normative data in Exner's Comprehensive System?
It can lead to over-pathologizing of normal US adults
What is the Thematic Apperception Test?
A projective technique used by psychologists
Who developed the Thematic Apperception Test?
Henry Murray
What is the main focus of projective techniques in personality assessment?
Prioritizing unique aspects of personality over generalities
What is the purpose of using ambiguous stimuli in projective techniques?
To determine how individuals respond to ambiguous stimuli
What are the two stages involved in projective techniques?
Observation and interpretation
What are the two meanings of projection in projective techniques?
Unconscious defence against external entities and conscious expression of personality traits
What is the main issue with the validity of projective techniques?
They lack response style indices
What is the recommended type of measure for assessing personality reliably and validly?
Self-report measures
What is the range of inter-score reliability for the emotional indicators?
0.7-0.8
What is the problem with test-retest reliability for specific features?
It is problematic
What is the validity of the emotional indicators?
Negligible
What is the purpose of the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
To examine unconscious events
What is the origin of the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
It was developed by a Swiss psychiatrist in 1929
What are the criticisms of projective techniques?
They lack standardization, systematic scoring and interpretation procedures, and normative data
How many ink blots are used in the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
10
What is the instruction given to individuals taking the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
What does this remind you of?
What is the Association Phase of the Rorschach test?
The phase where the tester shows the cards and records the individual's response word-for-word
What was S. Beck's approach to interpreting responses in the Rorschach test?
The responses are interpreted based on their content
What did Klopfer's phenomenological approach to the Rorschach test emphasize?
The responses are seen as fantasies
What is the main reason why the Rorschach test fell into disrepute by the 1960s?
Lack of standardisation in administration and scoring
What did Piotrowski, Hertz, and Rapaport believe about the responses in the Rorschach test?
The responses are both perceptual and fantasy
What is the primary purpose of projective techniques according to the text?
To reveal covert or unconscious aspects of personality
What is the main reason why projective techniques are still used despite lacking psychometric information?
They were developed in the clinical tradition
What is the main advantage of projective techniques according to proponents?
They provide privileged access to important psychological information that the respondents are unaware of
What is the main difference between the psychometric and clinical traditions according to the text?
The psychometric tradition emphasizes the detailed study of the individual and disturbed personalities, while the clinical tradition focuses on standardized measurement.
What is the classification of inkblot techniques according to the text?
They are based on the nature of the stimulus materials
What are the three elements of content analysis according to Murray's original method for interpreting the TAT?
Hero, needs, and press
How many cards are included in the TAT?
20
What is the purpose of the TAT?
To examine specific traits or issues in the test-taker
What is the biggest challenge in establishing reliability and validity of the TAT?
The subjective interpretation of the stories
How many sessions are used for the TAT, and how many cards does the respondent respond to in each session?
2 sessions, 10 cards each
What is the main difference between the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank and inkblot or TAT tests?
The Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank uses sentence stems to elicit responses.
What is the purpose of the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank?
To measure personal adjustment or emotional stability.
What is the scoring range for the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank?
0 to 6 scale
What is the difference between the Sign approach and the Global approach in the Draw-A-Person Test?
The Sign approach looks at the relative size of the drawing, while the Global approach assumes respondents draw the human figures as they see themselves.
What is the research evidence for the validity of the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank?
The validity is questionable due to lack of supporting evidence and research.
What is the main difference between the TAT and the sentence completion test?
The TAT uses abstract images while the sentence completion test uses words
What is a limitation of the need-based scoring schemes for the TAT?
Test-retest reliability is generally in the 0.3 range
What is a criticism of the interpretation of themes in the TAT?
It is confounded by fantasy and inhibition, making it hard to establish construct validity
Which type of projective technique explores unconscious aspects of personality?
The TAT
What is a similarity between the TAT and the Rorschach Test?
Both face criticism for the number of studies conducted compared to tests like the MMPI
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