38 Hernias, Abdomen, and Surgical Technology

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Which muscle, along with the conjoined tendon, forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

External abdominal oblique

Transversalis muscle (correct)

Internal abdominal oblique

Rectus abdominis

What structures are part of the spermatic cord?

Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, inguinal ligament, ilioinguinal nerve

Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, cremasteric muscle, vas deferens (correct)

Vas deferens, cremasteric muscle, genitofemoral nerve, lacunar ligament

Cremasteric muscle, femoral vessels, ilioinguinal nerve, pectineal ligament

Where is the vas deferens located in relation to the spermatic cord structures?

Medial to cord structures (correct)

Inferior to cord structures

Lateral to cord structures

Superior to cord structures

What forms the inguinal ligament, which runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubis?

External abdominal oblique Signup and view all the answers

Where are direct hernias located in relation to the epigastric vessels?

Inferior and medial Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is an extension of the lacunar ligament and lies against the bone?

Pectineal ligament Signup and view all the answers

In children, at what age is it recommended to delay repair of an umbilical hernia?

5 years Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hernia has the highest recurrence rate?

Incisional/ventral hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of inadequate closure in incisional/ventral hernias?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves separating the layers of the abdominal wall to reduce tension when closing large ventral hernias?

Anterior technique Signup and view all the answers

Where is the rectus sheath absent below?

The arcuate line Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common tumor of the retroperitoneum?

Lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common components removed through peritoneal dialysis?

$NH_3$ and Ca Signup and view all the answers

What can occur with hypertonic intraperitoneal saline load?

$CO_2$ pneumoperitoneum Signup and view all the answers

What is the most sensitive test for retroperitoneal fibrosis?

$IVP$ (intravenous pyelogram) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms associated with retroperitoneal sarcomas?

Vague abdominal and back pain Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is used to control bleeding in desmoid tumors?

Sulindac Signup and view all the answers

What is the main blood supply to the rectus sheath?

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the most cost-effective method for managing medium vessels, such as short gastrics?

Harmonic scalpel Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source disrupts protein hydrogen bonds and causes coagulation?

Harmonic scalpel Signup and view all the answers

In ultrasound imaging, what does shadowing indicate?

Relative density of structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the B-mode in ultrasound imaging?

Assessing relative density of structures Signup and view all the answers

Which energy source is good for hemostasis of the liver and spleen and is smokeless?

Laser Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of duplex ultrasound imaging?

Visual description of blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which type of laser is good for deep tissue penetration and bronchial lesions?

Nd:YAG laser Signup and view all the answers

Which material allows fibroblast ingrowth and is associated with vascular or bowel injury incidence of 0.1% with Veress needle or trocar?

Dacron (polypropylene) Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be tried to aspirate a CO2 embolus through a central line?

Head down position Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ETCO2 levels in response to a CO2 embolus?

Sudden transient rise followed by a drop Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hernia is most common and congenital?

Indirect hernia Signup and view all the answers

Which hernia type has a lower risk of incarceration but a higher risk of recurrence in females?

Direct hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the rarest type of hernia in females?

Femoral hernia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of inguinal hernia repair?

Tension-free repair Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve injury can result in numbness on the ipsilateral penis, scrotum, and thigh following an open inguinal hernia repair?

Ilioinguinal nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel runs along the abdominal wall and can be injured with abdominal wall tacks during hernia repair?

Inferior epigastric artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic bulge location for a femoral hernia?

Anterior–medial thigh below the inguinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament forms the inferior boundary of the femoral canal?

Cooper’s ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common early complication following hernia repair?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hernia recurrence?

Inadequate closure in incisional/ventral hernias Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using mesh in inguinal hernia repair?

To cover indirect, direct, and femoral areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with femoral hernias?

High risk of incarceration Signup and view all the answers