30 Questions
What is the main function of the transmit/receive (T/R) switch?
To direct the driving voltages from the pulser to the transducer during transmission and then direct the returning echo voltages from the transducer to the amplifiers during reception
What is the purpose of amplification in ultrasound imaging?
To convert the small voltages received from the transducer elements to larger ones suitable for further processing and storage
What is meant by the term 'gain' in ultrasound imaging?
The increase in voltage amplitudes during amplification
What is the purpose of time gain compensation (TGC) in ultrasound imaging?
To compensate for the effect of attenuation on the image, equalizing differences in received echo amplitudes caused by different reflector depths
What happens to the echo from the second reflector in the diagram, compared to the first reflector?
It becomes weaker because of the longer path
What is the function of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in ultrasound imaging?
To convert the analog voltage from the transducer to digital form
What is the meaning of the term 'analog' in ultrasound imaging?
Proportional
What is the meaning of the term 'digital' in ultrasound imaging?
In the form of discrete numbers
What happens to the echoes from identical reflectors at different depths after time gain compensation (TGC)?
The echoes become equal because of the compensation for attenuation
Why is it necessary to compensate for the effect of attenuation on the image in ultrasound imaging?
To equalize differences in received echo amplitudes caused by different reflector depths
What determines the brightness of echoes in ultrasound imaging?
The gain set by the amplifiers
What is the effect of attenuation on the image in ultrasound imaging?
It makes the echoes from deeper reflectors weaker
What is the purpose of the pulser in ultrasound imaging?
To direct the driving voltages to the transducer
What is the result of uncompensated echoes from identical structures at differing depths?
The echoes have different amplitudes due to attenuation
What happens to the voltage from the transducer elements after amplification?
It is converted to digital form
What is the role of the transducer in ultrasound imaging?
To receive and transmit the echo voltages
What is the effect of time gain compensation (TGC) on the image in ultrasound imaging?
It equalizes the amplitudes of echoes from identical reflectors at different depths
What is the main purpose of the amplifiers in ultrasound imaging?
To increase the voltage amplitudes received from the transducer elements
What happens to the echo voltages from the transducer during reception?
They are amplified by the amplifiers
What is the purpose of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in ultrasound imaging?
To convert the analog voltage to digital form
What is the primary function of the T/R switch?
To direct the driving voltages from the pulser and pulse delays to the transducer during transmission and then direct the returning echo voltages from the transducer to the amplifiers during reception
What is the purpose of amplification in ultrasound imaging?
To increase the voltage amplitudes for further processing and storage
What is the effect of uncompensated echoes from identical structures at different depths?
They appear with different brightnesses due to attenuation
What is the role of the transducer in ultrasound imaging?
To transmit and receive the ultrasound signals
What happens to the voltage amplitudes after amplification?
They increase
What is the purpose of the ADC in ultrasound imaging?
To convert the voltage from analog to digital form
What is the result of time gain compensation (TGC) on the image?
The echoes from identical reflectors at different depths appear with equal brightnesses
What is the effect of attenuation on the image?
It decreases the brightness of the echoes
Why is it necessary to compensate for the effect of attenuation on the image?
To ensure that echoes from identical reflectors at different depths appear with equal brightnesses
What determines the gain of the amplifiers in ultrasound imaging?
The subjective brightness of the echoes desired
Study Notes
Transmit/Receive (T/R) Switch
- Directs driving voltages from pulser and pulse delays to the transducer during transmission
- Directs returning echo voltages from the transducer to the amplifiers during reception
Amplifiers
- Increase voltage amplitudes through a process called gain
- Gain is set subjectively to achieve appropriate brightnesses for echoes
- Compensate for the effect of attenuation on the image through time gain compensation (TGC)
- TGC equalizes differences in received echo amplitudes caused by different reflector depths
Attenuation and Time Gain Compensation (TGC)
- Echoes from identical reflectors at different distances from the transducer have different amplitudes due to attenuation
- The farther an incident pulse travels, the weaker the echo becomes due to attenuation
- TGC amplifier compensates for attenuation, ensuring that echoes from identical structures at different depths have identical amplitudes
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)
- Convert voltage from analog to digital form
- Analog refers to a proportional signal, while digital refers to a signal in the form of discrete numbers
Transmit/Receive (T/R) Switch
- Directs driving voltages from pulser and pulse delays to the transducer during transmission
- Directs returning echo voltages from the transducer to the amplifiers during reception
Amplifiers
- Increase voltage amplitudes through a process called gain
- Gain is set subjectively to achieve appropriate brightnesses for echoes
- Compensate for the effect of attenuation on the image through time gain compensation (TGC)
- TGC equalizes differences in received echo amplitudes caused by different reflector depths
Attenuation and Time Gain Compensation (TGC)
- Echoes from identical reflectors at different distances from the transducer have different amplitudes due to attenuation
- The farther an incident pulse travels, the weaker the echo becomes due to attenuation
- TGC amplifier compensates for attenuation, ensuring that echoes from identical structures at different depths have identical amplitudes
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)
- Convert voltage from analog to digital form
- Analog refers to a proportional signal, while digital refers to a signal in the form of discrete numbers
Transmit/Receive (T/R) Switch
- Directs driving voltages from pulser and pulse delays to the transducer during transmission
- Directs returning echo voltages from the transducer to the amplifiers during reception
Amplifiers
- Increase voltage amplitudes through a process called gain
- Gain is set subjectively to achieve appropriate brightnesses for echoes
- Compensate for the effect of attenuation on the image through time gain compensation (TGC)
- TGC equalizes differences in received echo amplitudes caused by different reflector depths
Attenuation and Time Gain Compensation (TGC)
- Echoes from identical reflectors at different distances from the transducer have different amplitudes due to attenuation
- The farther an incident pulse travels, the weaker the echo becomes due to attenuation
- TGC amplifier compensates for attenuation, ensuring that echoes from identical structures at different depths have identical amplitudes
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)
- Convert voltage from analog to digital form
- Analog refers to a proportional signal, while digital refers to a signal in the form of discrete numbers
Understanding the roles of transmit/receive switch and amplifiers in ultrasound technology. Learn how they work together to process and store echo voltages.
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