Ultrasound Principles and Probes
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Questions and Answers

Which frequency range is typically utilized in ultrasound imaging?

  • 10-15 MHz
  • 5-25 MHz
  • 1-3 MHz
  • 2-20 MHz (correct)

    • A curvilinear probe offers more resolution but less penetration compared to a linear probe.

    False (B)

    What is the typical velocity of sound in human tissue?

    1540 m/s

    The principle of ultrasound imaging relies on the ______ effect to generate and receive sound waves.

    <p>piezoelectric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ultrasound probe type with its application:

    <p>Linear Probe = Superficial imaging (thyroid, carotid, etc.) Curvilinear Probe = Deeper structures (OB/GYN, abdomen) Endocavitary Probe = Specific body cavities (prostate, ectopic pregnancy) Phase Array Probe = Echocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Dr. Khaleel Ahmed hold at the Arise Medical Academy?

    <p>Director (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dr. Khaleel Ahmed has been an educator for less than five years.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has Dr. Khaleel Ahmed contributed to the training of medical graduates?

    <p>Empowerment and knowledge acquisition for exams like NEETPG, INICET, NEXT, FMGE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dr. Khaleel Ahmed is a nationally renowned faculty in the field of ______.

    <p>Radiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following titles with Dr. Khaleel Ahmed's roles:

    <p>Radiology Faculty = Nationally renowned educator Director = Arise Medical Academy Mentor = Empowers medical students Educator = Training for medical exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 30-year-old patient presents after a road traffic accident with blunt abdominal trauma. Initial FAST exam is positive. The patient's blood pressure is 130/80 mmHg and their heart rate is 72 bpm. What is the next appropriate step in management?

    <p>USG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ultrasound (USG) is a reliable imaging modality for detecting gallbladder cancer and emphysematous cholecystitis.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ mode of ultrasound is used to assess the motion of structures, particularly in echocardiography.

    <p>M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color coding in color Doppler ultrasound indicates flow towards the probe?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ultrasound modalities with their respective applications:

    <p>USG = Assessment of gallbladder pathologies, free fluid in the abdomen, and various other conditions Duplex USG = Assessment of varicose veins, varicocele, DVT, portal hypertension, vasa previa, and ovarian/testicular torsion Color Doppler = Visualizing blood flow direction and velocity Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) = Detailed visualization of the gastrointestinal wall layers A-Mode = Measurement of axial length, primarily used in ophthalmology B-Mode = Routine ultrasound imaging, displaying tissue structures as bright or dark areas M-Mode = Assessment of motion and velocity, particularly in echocardiography Thyroid Ultrasound = Evaluation of thyroid nodules and other thyroid pathologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ultrasound findings is characteristically associated with renal calculi?

    <p>Posterior acoustic shadowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ultrasound is a reliable method for detecting and differentiating between a cystic mass and a solid mass.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical ultrasound appearance of a thyroid cancer?

    <p>Hypoechoic, taller than wide, with possible calcifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum radiation exposure limit for a pregnant occupational worker?

    <p>1 mSv (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stochastic effects of radiation have a threshold dose.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ALARA stand for?

    <p>As Low As Reasonably Achievable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The absorbed dose is measured in _____ and _____.

    <p>Rad, Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the radiation syndrome with the corresponding dose level:

    <p>Acute hematopoietic Syndrome = &gt;1-2 Gy Acute GI syndrome = &gt;6-10 Gy Acute CNS syndrome = &gt;20 Gy Acute radiation syndrome = Threshold dose required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality does NOT use ionizing radiation?

    <p>MRI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A T-Score compares bone mineral density (BMD) of a patient with an age-matched individual.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most sensitive view for detecting hemoperitoneum using FAST?

    <p>RUQ/RT lumbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thermoluminescent dosimeters are used to measure radiation exposure in _____ workers.

    <p>occupational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the imaging term with its description:

    <p>DICOM = Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine PACS = Picture Archiving and Communication System POCUS = Point of Care Ultrasound RUSH = Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation effect is 'skin erythema' classified under?

    <p>Deterministic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms 'radiolucent' and 'hyperdense' both refer to areas where X-rays are absorbed more.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a DEXA scan?

    <p>To assess bone mineral density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ultrasound, a linear probe is typically used for _____ imaging.

    <p>superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by the sign of air around the aorta, pulmonary artery, bronchus, and trachea?

    <p>Pneumomediastinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymic Sail sign is indicative of abnormality in children.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pneumatocele in hospitalized children?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of _____ sign indicates a cavitating mass in the lung.

    <p>thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the conditions with their typical radiographic signs:

    <p>Acute Epiglottitis = Thumb sign Laryngotracheobronchitis = Steeple sign Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis = Crazy pavement appearance Klebsiella pneumonia = Red currant jelly sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical scenario is associated with a suspected foreign body in a child?

    <p>CXR shows lucent hemithorax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Miliary mottling can be associated with mitral stenosis.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common appearance of cavalier lung abscesses on CXR?

    <p>Cavitating mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ collection is characterized by a D-shape and does not change position.

    <p>Loculated pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IV fluids and emergency laparotomy in treatment?

    <p>Management of hollow viscus perforation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Egg shell calcification is a hallmark sign of RMS (Rheumatological Management Syndrome).

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sign associated with the presence of a ruptured liver abscess?

    <p>Fever and RUQ pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The best indicator of ARDS on CT is an _____ gradient.

    <p>antero-posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly responsible for causing red currant jelly sputum?

    <p>Klebsiella pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) typically presents with unilateral lung opacities.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chief source of scatter radiation in diagnostic radiology?

    <p>Compton Effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Characteristic Radiation is the chief source of x-ray generation in mammography.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured in Hounsfield units in a CT scan?

    <p>Linear attenuation of x-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hounsfield unit for air is ______.

    <p>-1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of CT scans with their primary use:

    <p>CT Angiography = Acute PTE diagnosis CT Cisternography = Evaluate CSF spaces CT Colonoscopy = 3D visualization of colon CT Urography = Examine renal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is referred to as the chief site for blood pressure regulation in cases of hypertension?

    <p>Putamen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The swallow tail sign is a normal appearance of the substantia nigra.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common imaging modality for detecting acute aortic dissection is ______.

    <p>CT angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Hounsfield unit ranges with their corresponding tissue types:

    <p>-1000 = Air 0 = CSF/Water +60 to +70 = Acute Bleed +400 to +1000 = Cortical Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ultrasound Principles

    • Ultrasound is a real-time imaging technique, operator-dependent
    • It uses the piezo electric effect, converting electrical energy into sound waves, and vice versa.
    • Ultrasound transducers/ probes are made of lead zirconate titanate.
    • Ultrasound uses a sound frequency range of 2 - 20 MHz, and the velocity of sound in human tissue is 1540 m/s

    Types of Ultrasound Probes/Transducers

    • Linear Probe: Has a frequency range of 10-12 MHz, providing less penetration but higher resolution, good for superficial structures like thyroid, carotid, and breast.
    • Curvilinear Probe: Has a frequency range of 3-5 MHz, offering more penetration and less resolution, useful for deeper structures like the abdomen and OB/GYN applications.
    • Endocavitary Probe: Features a 7-10 MHz frequency for endocavitary locations, used in procedures such as transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for prostate and transvaginal ultrasound for detecting ectopic pregnancies.

    Additional Ultrasound Applications

    • Phase Array Probe: Small footprint. Used for echocardiography and cardiovascular imaging.
    • Intravascular Ultrasound: Highly sensitive. Used for evaluating plaques in blood vessels.
    • Ultrasound Biomicroscopy: Used for evaluating the anterior chamber of the eye. Tissue harmonic imaging enhances the quality of ultrasound images by reducing noise and improving image quality.

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    Description

    Explore the principles of ultrasound technology and the various types of probes used in medical imaging. This quiz covers the function of transducers, frequency ranges, and specific applications of different ultrasound probes, including linear, curvilinear, and endocavitary types. Test your knowledge on this essential imaging technique used in medicine.

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