Lower respiratory tract anatomy

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Which ribs are considered typical ribs?

True ribs are referred to as:

How do true ribs articulate with the sternum?

What type of ribs articulate indirectly to the sternum?

Which ribs do not articulate with the sternum at all?

The diaphragm separates which two cavities in the body?

Which structures are allowed to travel to/from the abdomen through the openings in the diaphragm?

Which vertebral level is associated with the passage of the inferior vena cava through the diaphragm?

Which of the following does NOT pass through the diaphragm?

Which muscles are responsible for aiding in inspiration?

What is the function of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

Where does the neurovascular bundle lie?

What is the significance of knowing the location of the neurovascular bundle?

What is the main function of the external intercostal muscles?

How do the external intercostal muscles contribute to inhalation?

What happens when the external intercostal muscles elevate the upper ribs?

What movement is associated with the elevation of the lower ribs by the external intercostal muscles?

What is the result of the external intercostal muscles creating a negative intra-thoracic pressure?

Which bronchus is more vertical, wider, and shorter?

The left main bronchus passes under which anatomical structure?

Which bronchus is longer and narrower?

The main bronchi enter the lung hilum at which vertebral level?

At which level does the trachea bifurcate into the main bronchi?

The posterior completion of the tracheal rings is formed by:

The trachea is formed of:

At which level does the trachea begin?

Which of the following describes the pleura?

Which layer of the pleura covers the lung?

Where is the parietal pleura located?

What is found in the pleural cavity?

What is the function of the pleura?

What holds the two layers of pleurae together?

What is the nerve supply of the parietal pleura?

From which pleura is pain sensed?

Which structure is represented as the pulmonary ligament?

What does pleural fluid help maintain between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

What is the accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space called?

Which type of fluid can accumulate in the pleural cavity?

Where is a chest drain inserted in the pleural cavity in a pleural effusion?

What is pneumothorax?

What can lead to a tension pneumothorax?

What happens in tension pneumothorax?

What is the immediate treatment for tension pneumothorax?

Where is the needle inserted during needle decompression for tension pneumothorax?

What happens when air is removed from the pleural cavity during needle decompression?