Lower respiratory tract anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

  • Vagus nerve CN X
  • Femoral nerve
  • Phrenic nerve (correct)
  • Static nerve
  • Which ribs are considered typical ribs?

  • Ribs 1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th, 12th
  • Ribs 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th (correct)
  • Ribs 8th, 9th, 10th
  • Ribs 11th, 12th
  • True ribs are referred to as:

  • Ribs 1st - 7th (correct)
  • Ribs 3rd - 9th
  • Ribs 8th - 10th
  • Ribs 11th - 12th
  • How do true ribs articulate with the sternum?

    <p>Via a single costal cartilage directly to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ribs articulate indirectly to the sternum?

    <p>False ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ribs do not articulate with the sternum at all?

    <p>Ribs 11th - 12th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diaphragm separates which two cavities in the body?

    <p>Thoracic and abdominal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are allowed to travel to/from the abdomen through the openings in the diaphragm?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebral level is associated with the passage of the inferior vena cava through the diaphragm?

    <p>T8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT pass through the diaphragm?

    <p>Superior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are responsible for aiding in inspiration?

    <p>External intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

    <p>Aid in forced expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the neurovascular bundle lie?

    <p>In the costal groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of knowing the location of the neurovascular bundle?

    <p>It assists in the insertion of a chest drain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the external intercostal muscles?

    <p>Aid in quiet and forced inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the external intercostal muscles contribute to inhalation?

    <p>By expanding the size of the chest cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the external intercostal muscles elevate the upper ribs?

    <p>The anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement is associated with the elevation of the lower ribs by the external intercostal muscles?

    <p>Bucket handle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the external intercostal muscles creating a negative intra-thoracic pressure?

    <p>Inhalation is facilitated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bronchus is more vertical, wider, and shorter?

    <p>Right main bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left main bronchus passes under which anatomical structure?

    <p>Aortic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bronchus is longer and narrower?

    <p>Left main bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main bronchi enter the lung hilum at which vertebral level?

    <p>T5/6 vertebral level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level does the trachea bifurcate into the main bronchi?

    <p>T4/T5 level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior completion of the tracheal rings is formed by:

    <p>Trachealis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is formed of:

    <p>Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level does the trachea begin?

    <p>C6 level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the pleura?

    <p>Two layers of opposing membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the pleura covers the lung?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the parietal pleura located?

    <p>Covers the internal surface of the chest wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Serous fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pleura?

    <p>Protect the lungs from friction against the chest wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the two layers of pleurae together?

    <p>Surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply of the parietal pleura?

    <p>Phrenic nerves (C3,4,5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which pleura is pain sensed?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is represented as the pulmonary ligament?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pleural fluid help maintain between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

    <p>Functional vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space called?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fluid can accumulate in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Serous fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is a chest drain inserted in the pleural cavity in a pleural effusion?

    <p>Mid-axillary line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pneumothorax?

    <p>Collapse of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to a tension pneumothorax?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in tension pneumothorax?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate treatment for tension pneumothorax?

    <p>Needle decompression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the needle inserted during needle decompression for tension pneumothorax?

    <p>2nd intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when air is removed from the pleural cavity during needle decompression?

    <p>The lung re-inflates automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

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