Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity and Pleurae

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37 Questions

Which bronchus is more prone to aspiration of foreign bodies?

Right main bronchus

Which bronchial segment is the structural unit of respiration?

Alveolus

Which of the following bronchial parts contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers?

Respiratory bronchiole

In which bronchial part are goblet cells absent?

Respiratory bronchioles

Which bronchial segment has no cartilage in its walls?

Conducting bronchiole

Approximately how many alveoli are present in an adult lung?

~300 million alveoli

What type of cells make up the mesothelium, which lines body cavities and the exterior of their organs?

Simple squamous cells

Which cavity contains all other thoracic great structures like the heart, esophagus, and vessels?

Mediastinum

What is the function of serous membranes in the body?

To reduce friction between organs

Which of the following is NOT a type of serous membrane found in the body according to the text?

Mesothelium

Which type of nerve fibers carry sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system?

Somatic afferent

Which structure lines the inside of the pulmonary cavity where the lungs are located?

Visceral pleura

In which compartment of the thoracic cavity are the heart, esophagus, and vessels located?

Mediastinum

What is the main blood supply of the diaphragm?

Inferior phrenic arteries and veins

During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?

It contracts and flattens

Which nerves provide sensation to the peripheral pleura and peritoneum?

Intercostal nerves 16

What is the function of external intercostal muscles during respiration?

Elevate ribs during inhalation

Where do the primary neurovascular bundles course in each intercostal space?

In the costal groove, along the inferior margin of the rib

What is the role of all three intercostal muscles during exhalation?

Support the intercostal space

Which arteries supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic arteries

Which lymphatic plexus is responsible for receiving lymph from the paratracheal nodes?

Bronchomediastinal lymphatic plexus

In which quadrant of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from?

Right upper quadrant

Which part of the body does the thoracic duct drain lymph from on the left side?

Entire body below diaphragm

Which condition is likely to cause a patient to present with a chronic cough and hemoptysis?

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Where do the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks drain lymph from before joining the ducts?

Lungs

What major duct returns lymph to the left venous angle?

Thoracic duct

Where is the cisterna chyli located anatomically?

Upper abdomen

What symptom might be observed during bronchoscopy in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?

Widening of trachea at its bifurcation

Which feature suggests that a patient may have been a heavy smoker?

Chronic cough and hemoptysis

What is the final pathway for returning lymph to the venous system?

Thoracic duct

During inspiration, what allows sliding to occur between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

Pleural fluid

What happens to the costodiaphragmatic recess and the diaphragm during expiration?

Costodiaphragmatic recess narrows, diaphragm becomes domed

What does the introduction of air into the pleural cavity result in?

Collapsed lung

What is the purpose of a thoracostomy tube placed into the pleural cavity?

Remove fluid from the pleural cavity

What happens to the pressure in the pleural cavity during quiet breathing?

It is below atmospheric pressure

How is a pneumothorax related to the pleural cavity?

Results in a collapsed lung

What effect does the doming of the diaphragm have on lung function?

Decreases lung expansion

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the thoracic cavity, pleurae, and structures within, including the different types of afferent and efferent nerves. This quiz covers key concepts such as the compartments of the thoracic cavity, the role of visceral and parietal pleurae, and the structures found within the mediastinum.

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