Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity and Pleurae
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Questions and Answers

Which bronchus is more prone to aspiration of foreign bodies?

  • Segmental bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi
  • Right main bronchus (correct)
  • Left main bronchus
  • Which bronchial segment is the structural unit of respiration?

  • Segmental bronchus
  • Terminal bronchiole
  • Alveolus (correct)
  • Respiratory bronchiole
  • Which of the following bronchial parts contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers?

  • Respiratory bronchiole (correct)
  • Conducting bronchiole
  • Segmental bronchus
  • Terminal bronchiole
  • In which bronchial part are goblet cells absent?

    <p>Respiratory bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bronchial segment has no cartilage in its walls?

    <p>Conducting bronchiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many alveoli are present in an adult lung?

    <p>~300 million alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells make up the mesothelium, which lines body cavities and the exterior of their organs?

    <p>Simple squamous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity contains all other thoracic great structures like the heart, esophagus, and vessels?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of serous membranes in the body?

    <p>To reduce friction between organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of serous membrane found in the body according to the text?

    <p>Mesothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers carry sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system?

    <p>Somatic afferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure lines the inside of the pulmonary cavity where the lungs are located?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which compartment of the thoracic cavity are the heart, esophagus, and vessels located?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main blood supply of the diaphragm?

    <p>Inferior phrenic arteries and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?

    <p>It contracts and flattens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves provide sensation to the peripheral pleura and peritoneum?

    <p>Intercostal nerves 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of external intercostal muscles during respiration?

    <p>Elevate ribs during inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the primary neurovascular bundles course in each intercostal space?

    <p>In the costal groove, along the inferior margin of the rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of all three intercostal muscles during exhalation?

    <p>Support the intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

    <p>Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphatic plexus is responsible for receiving lymph from the paratracheal nodes?

    <p>Bronchomediastinal lymphatic plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which quadrant of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from?

    <p>Right upper quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body does the thoracic duct drain lymph from on the left side?

    <p>Entire body below diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to cause a patient to present with a chronic cough and hemoptysis?

    <p>Bronchogenic carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks drain lymph from before joining the ducts?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major duct returns lymph to the left venous angle?

    <p>Thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the cisterna chyli located anatomically?

    <p>Upper abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might be observed during bronchoscopy in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?

    <p>Widening of trachea at its bifurcation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature suggests that a patient may have been a heavy smoker?

    <p>Chronic cough and hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final pathway for returning lymph to the venous system?

    <p>Thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inspiration, what allows sliding to occur between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

    <p>Pleural fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the costodiaphragmatic recess and the diaphragm during expiration?

    <p>Costodiaphragmatic recess narrows, diaphragm becomes domed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the introduction of air into the pleural cavity result in?

    <p>Collapsed lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a thoracostomy tube placed into the pleural cavity?

    <p>Remove fluid from the pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure in the pleural cavity during quiet breathing?

    <p>It is below atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a pneumothorax related to the pleural cavity?

    <p>Results in a collapsed lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the doming of the diaphragm have on lung function?

    <p>Decreases lung expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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