Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity and Pleurae
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Questions and Answers

Which bronchus is more prone to aspiration of foreign bodies?

  • Segmental bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi
  • Right main bronchus (correct)
  • Left main bronchus

Which bronchial segment is the structural unit of respiration?

  • Segmental bronchus
  • Terminal bronchiole
  • Alveolus (correct)
  • Respiratory bronchiole

Which of the following bronchial parts contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers?

  • Respiratory bronchiole (correct)
  • Conducting bronchiole
  • Segmental bronchus
  • Terminal bronchiole

In which bronchial part are goblet cells absent?

<p>Respiratory bronchioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bronchial segment has no cartilage in its walls?

<p>Conducting bronchiole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many alveoli are present in an adult lung?

<p>~300 million alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells make up the mesothelium, which lines body cavities and the exterior of their organs?

<p>Simple squamous cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity contains all other thoracic great structures like the heart, esophagus, and vessels?

<p>Mediastinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of serous membranes in the body?

<p>To reduce friction between organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of serous membrane found in the body according to the text?

<p>Mesothelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers carry sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system?

<p>Somatic afferent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure lines the inside of the pulmonary cavity where the lungs are located?

<p>Visceral pleura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which compartment of the thoracic cavity are the heart, esophagus, and vessels located?

<p>Mediastinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main blood supply of the diaphragm?

<p>Inferior phrenic arteries and veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?

<p>It contracts and flattens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves provide sensation to the peripheral pleura and peritoneum?

<p>Intercostal nerves 16 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of external intercostal muscles during respiration?

<p>Elevate ribs during inhalation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the primary neurovascular bundles course in each intercostal space?

<p>In the costal groove, along the inferior margin of the rib (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of all three intercostal muscles during exhalation?

<p>Support the intercostal space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

<p>Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphatic plexus is responsible for receiving lymph from the paratracheal nodes?

<p>Bronchomediastinal lymphatic plexus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which quadrant of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from?

<p>Right upper quadrant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the thoracic duct drain lymph from on the left side?

<p>Entire body below diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is likely to cause a patient to present with a chronic cough and hemoptysis?

<p>Bronchogenic carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks drain lymph from before joining the ducts?

<p>Lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major duct returns lymph to the left venous angle?

<p>Thoracic duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cisterna chyli located anatomically?

<p>Upper abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might be observed during bronchoscopy in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?

<p>Widening of trachea at its bifurcation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature suggests that a patient may have been a heavy smoker?

<p>Chronic cough and hemoptysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final pathway for returning lymph to the venous system?

<p>Thoracic duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During inspiration, what allows sliding to occur between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

<p>Pleural fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the costodiaphragmatic recess and the diaphragm during expiration?

<p>Costodiaphragmatic recess narrows, diaphragm becomes domed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the introduction of air into the pleural cavity result in?

<p>Collapsed lung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a thoracostomy tube placed into the pleural cavity?

<p>Remove fluid from the pleural cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in the pleural cavity during quiet breathing?

<p>It is below atmospheric pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a pneumothorax related to the pleural cavity?

<p>Results in a collapsed lung (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the doming of the diaphragm have on lung function?

<p>Decreases lung expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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