37 Questions
Which bronchus is more prone to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Right main bronchus
Which bronchial segment is the structural unit of respiration?
Alveolus
Which of the following bronchial parts contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers?
Respiratory bronchiole
In which bronchial part are goblet cells absent?
Respiratory bronchioles
Which bronchial segment has no cartilage in its walls?
Conducting bronchiole
Approximately how many alveoli are present in an adult lung?
~300 million alveoli
What type of cells make up the mesothelium, which lines body cavities and the exterior of their organs?
Simple squamous cells
Which cavity contains all other thoracic great structures like the heart, esophagus, and vessels?
Mediastinum
What is the function of serous membranes in the body?
To reduce friction between organs
Which of the following is NOT a type of serous membrane found in the body according to the text?
Mesothelium
Which type of nerve fibers carry sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system?
Somatic afferent
Which structure lines the inside of the pulmonary cavity where the lungs are located?
Visceral pleura
In which compartment of the thoracic cavity are the heart, esophagus, and vessels located?
Mediastinum
What is the main blood supply of the diaphragm?
Inferior phrenic arteries and veins
During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?
It contracts and flattens
Which nerves provide sensation to the peripheral pleura and peritoneum?
Intercostal nerves 16
What is the function of external intercostal muscles during respiration?
Elevate ribs during inhalation
Where do the primary neurovascular bundles course in each intercostal space?
In the costal groove, along the inferior margin of the rib
What is the role of all three intercostal muscles during exhalation?
Support the intercostal space
Which arteries supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?
Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic arteries
Which lymphatic plexus is responsible for receiving lymph from the paratracheal nodes?
Bronchomediastinal lymphatic plexus
In which quadrant of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from?
Right upper quadrant
Which part of the body does the thoracic duct drain lymph from on the left side?
Entire body below diaphragm
Which condition is likely to cause a patient to present with a chronic cough and hemoptysis?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Where do the bronchomediastinal lymph trunks drain lymph from before joining the ducts?
Lungs
What major duct returns lymph to the left venous angle?
Thoracic duct
Where is the cisterna chyli located anatomically?
Upper abdomen
What symptom might be observed during bronchoscopy in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?
Widening of trachea at its bifurcation
Which feature suggests that a patient may have been a heavy smoker?
Chronic cough and hemoptysis
What is the final pathway for returning lymph to the venous system?
Thoracic duct
During inspiration, what allows sliding to occur between the parietal and visceral pleurae?
Pleural fluid
What happens to the costodiaphragmatic recess and the diaphragm during expiration?
Costodiaphragmatic recess narrows, diaphragm becomes domed
What does the introduction of air into the pleural cavity result in?
Collapsed lung
What is the purpose of a thoracostomy tube placed into the pleural cavity?
Remove fluid from the pleural cavity
What happens to the pressure in the pleural cavity during quiet breathing?
It is below atmospheric pressure
How is a pneumothorax related to the pleural cavity?
Results in a collapsed lung
What effect does the doming of the diaphragm have on lung function?
Decreases lung expansion
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the thoracic cavity, pleurae, and structures within, including the different types of afferent and efferent nerves. This quiz covers key concepts such as the compartments of the thoracic cavity, the role of visceral and parietal pleurae, and the structures found within the mediastinum.
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