Anatomy of Lungs and Pleura Quiz

Anatomy of Lungs and Pleura

• Lungs develop from respiratory diverticulum during the 4th week of embryonic development.

• The respiratory primordium is made up of endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm.

• Tracheoesophageal fistulas and esophageal atresia are clinical conditions that may arise from abnormal development.

• The pleural cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae that contains a small amount of pleural fluid.

• The lungs are covered by two layers of pleurae: visceral and parietal.

• The conducting portion of the respiratory tract includes the trachea, primary bronchi, lobar bronchi, and tertiary bronchi.

• The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

• The lungs slide in and out during inspiration and expiration due to the pleural cavity and pleural recesses.

• The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and pressure and is supplied by intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve, and autonomic nerve supply.

• The visceral pleura is sensitive to stretch and is supplied by autonomic nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus.

• Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, mediastinal surface, and borders.

• The right lung has two fissures, three lobes, and ten bronchopulmonary segments, while the left lung has one fissure, two lobes, and less than ten bronchopulmonary segments.Anatomy of Pulmonary Plexus and Lymphatic Drainage of Lungs

• The pulmonary plexus contains both efferent and afferent autonomic nerve fibers.

• Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus originate from the T2, T3, and T4 ganglia.

• Parasympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus arise from the vagus nerve.

• The pulmonary plexus plays a role in regulating the bronchial smooth muscle tone, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mucus secretion.

• The azygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein, and intercostal veins drain into the pulmonary plexus.

• The pulmonary plexus also receives lymphatic vessels from the lung parenchyma.

• The superficial lymphatic plexus drains into the bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes.

• The deep lymphatic plexus drains into the pulmonary lymph nodes and hilar lymph nodes.

• The lymphatic drainage of the lungs is important for immune defense and removal of excess fluid from the lung tissue.

• The lymphatic vessels in the lung parenchyma can become obstructed in conditions such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis.

• Obstruction of the lymphatic vessels can cause lymphedema, impaired immune response, and pulmonary hypertension.

• Understanding the anatomy of the pulmonary plexus and lymphatic drainage of lungs is important for the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary and lymphatic disorders.

Anatomy of Lungs and Pleura

• Lungs develop from respiratory diverticulum during the 4th week of embryonic development.

• The respiratory primordium is made up of endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm.

• Tracheoesophageal fistulas and esophageal atresia are clinical conditions that may arise from abnormal development.

• The pleural cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae that contains a small amount of pleural fluid.

• The lungs are covered by two layers of pleurae: visceral and parietal.

• The conducting portion of the respiratory tract includes the trachea, primary bronchi, lobar bronchi, and tertiary bronchi.

• The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

• The lungs slide in and out during inspiration and expiration due to the pleural cavity and pleural recesses.

• The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and pressure and is supplied by intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve, and autonomic nerve supply.

• The visceral pleura is sensitive to stretch and is supplied by autonomic nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus.

• Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, mediastinal surface, and borders.

• The right lung has two fissures, three lobes, and ten bronchopulmonary segments, while the left lung has one fissure, two lobes, and less than ten bronchopulmonary segments.Anatomy of Pulmonary Plexus and Lymphatic Drainage of Lungs

• The pulmonary plexus contains both efferent and afferent autonomic nerve fibers.

• Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus originate from the T2, T3, and T4 ganglia.

• Parasympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus arise from the vagus nerve.

• The pulmonary plexus plays a role in regulating the bronchial smooth muscle tone, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mucus secretion.

• The azygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein, and intercostal veins drain into the pulmonary plexus.

• The pulmonary plexus also receives lymphatic vessels from the lung parenchyma.

• The superficial lymphatic plexus drains into the bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes.

• The deep lymphatic plexus drains into the pulmonary lymph nodes and hilar lymph nodes.

• The lymphatic drainage of the lungs is important for immune defense and removal of excess fluid from the lung tissue.

• The lymphatic vessels in the lung parenchyma can become obstructed in conditions such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis.

• Obstruction of the lymphatic vessels can cause lymphedema, impaired immune response, and pulmonary hypertension.

• Understanding the anatomy of the pulmonary plexus and lymphatic drainage of lungs is important for the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary and lymphatic disorders.

Anatomy of Lungs and Pleura

• Lungs develop from respiratory diverticulum during the 4th week of embryonic development.

• The respiratory primordium is made up of endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm.

• Tracheoesophageal fistulas and esophageal atresia are clinical conditions that may arise from abnormal development.

• The pleural cavity is the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleurae that contains a small amount of pleural fluid.

• The lungs are covered by two layers of pleurae: visceral and parietal.

• The conducting portion of the respiratory tract includes the trachea, primary bronchi, lobar bronchi, and tertiary bronchi.

• The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

• The lungs slide in and out during inspiration and expiration due to the pleural cavity and pleural recesses.

• The parietal pleura is sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and pressure and is supplied by intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve, and autonomic nerve supply.

• The visceral pleura is sensitive to stretch and is supplied by autonomic nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus.

• Each lung has an apex, base, costal surface, mediastinal surface, and borders.

• The right lung has two fissures, three lobes, and ten bronchopulmonary segments, while the left lung has one fissure, two lobes, and less than ten bronchopulmonary segments.Anatomy of Pulmonary Plexus and Lymphatic Drainage of Lungs

• The pulmonary plexus contains both efferent and afferent autonomic nerve fibers.

• Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus originate from the T2, T3, and T4 ganglia.

• Parasympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus arise from the vagus nerve.

• The pulmonary plexus plays a role in regulating the bronchial smooth muscle tone, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mucus secretion.

• The azygos vein, accessory hemiazygos vein, and intercostal veins drain into the pulmonary plexus.

• The pulmonary plexus also receives lymphatic vessels from the lung parenchyma.

• The superficial lymphatic plexus drains into the bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes.

• The deep lymphatic plexus drains into the pulmonary lymph nodes and hilar lymph nodes.

• The lymphatic drainage of the lungs is important for immune defense and removal of excess fluid from the lung tissue.

• The lymphatic vessels in the lung parenchyma can become obstructed in conditions such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis.

• Obstruction of the lymphatic vessels can cause lymphedema, impaired immune response, and pulmonary hypertension.

• Understanding the anatomy of the pulmonary plexus and lymphatic drainage of lungs is important for the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary and lymphatic disorders.