30 Questions
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the lower respiratory tract?
Vocal folds
What is the main function of the pleural sacs?
To surround the lung
Where does the apex of each lung extend into?
The root of the neck
What can lead to airway obstruction in the lower respiratory tract?
All of the above
Which structures are closely related to the ribs and have a protective function?
Pleura
What is the anatomical relationship between the lungs and nearby structures?
They are located in the thoracoabdominal diaphragm
Which vessels collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
What is the function of the bronchial arteries?
To supply blood to the bronchial tree
Where does the superficial lymphatic plexus drain to?
Bronchopulmonary nodes
Which nerves contain parasympathetic, sympathetic, and afferent fibers?
Nerves of the lungs and visceral pleura
What is the function of the parasympathetic fibers in the lungs?
Bronchoconstriction
Which nerves convey pain and touch information from the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerves
Which of the following structures forms a closed sac around each lung?
Visceral pleura
What is the term for a collapsed lung caused by air entering the intrapleural space?
Pneumothorax
What is the main function of the pleural sac?
To facilitate breathing
What would happen if adhesions formed between the layers of the pleural sac?
Breathing efficiency would be permanently reduced
Which part of the airway would an aspirated object most likely enter if the individual is in a supine position?
Left mainstem bronchus
What are the largest subdivisions of lung lobes called?
Bronchopulmonary segments
Which of the following is a function of the hilum of the lung?
To allow the entry and exit of bronchi and vessels
Which of the following is true about the pulmonary ligament?
It is a double fold of pleura that anchors the lung to the mediastinum
What is the correct relationship between the veins and arteries at the hilum of the lung?
Veins are anterior and inferior to arteries
Which mainstem bronchus is an aspirated object most likely to enter?
Right mainstem bronchus
In a supine individual, where might an aspirated object end up?
In the lower lobe of the right lung
At what vertebral level is the carina located?
T3
Which nerves are responsible for the referred pain from the parietal pleura to the thoracic wall and neck/shoulder?
Intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve
What is the composition of the phrenic nerve?
Ventral rami of spinal nerves from C3, C4, and C5 levels
What is the A-P relationship of the pulmonary arteries and veins as they leave the heart?
The pulmonary arteries are posterior to the pulmonary veins
What is the A-P relationship of the pulmonary arteries and veins at the hilum of the lung?
The pulmonary arteries are anterior to the pulmonary veins
Which vessels run in the septae between bronchopulmonary segments?
Bronchial arteries
Which nerve(s) are responsible for bronchoconstriction and via which muscle(s) is this accomplished?
Vagus nerve and smooth muscle
Test your knowledge of the right lung hilum and its anatomical relationships in this quiz. Learn about the location where bronchi and vessels enter and exit the lung, as well as the transitions between visceral and parietal pleura. Explore the relationships between pulmonary arteries, veins, and the pulmonary ligament.
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