Anatomy of the lungs and pleura
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the lower respiratory tract?

  • Bronchi
  • Vocal folds (correct)
  • Lungs
  • Trachea
  • What is the main function of the pleural sacs?

  • To support the lungs
  • To surround the lung (correct)
  • To enable normal respiration
  • To protect the thoracoabdominal diaphragm
  • Where does the apex of each lung extend into?

  • The mediastinum
  • The thoracic cage
  • The root of the neck (correct)
  • The abdominal cavity
  • What can lead to airway obstruction in the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are closely related to the ribs and have a protective function?

    <p>Pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical relationship between the lungs and nearby structures?

    <p>They are located in the thoracoabdominal diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchial arteries?

    <p>To supply blood to the bronchial tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the superficial lymphatic plexus drain to?

    <p>Bronchopulmonary nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves contain parasympathetic, sympathetic, and afferent fibers?

    <p>Nerves of the lungs and visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic fibers in the lungs?

    <p>Bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves convey pain and touch information from the diaphragm?

    <p>Phrenic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures forms a closed sac around each lung?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collapsed lung caused by air entering the intrapleural space?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pleural sac?

    <p>To facilitate breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if adhesions formed between the layers of the pleural sac?

    <p>Breathing efficiency would be permanently reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the airway would an aspirated object most likely enter if the individual is in a supine position?

    <p>Left mainstem bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the largest subdivisions of lung lobes called?

    <p>Bronchopulmonary segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the hilum of the lung?

    <p>To allow the entry and exit of bronchi and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the pulmonary ligament?

    <p>It is a double fold of pleura that anchors the lung to the mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between the veins and arteries at the hilum of the lung?

    <p>Veins are anterior and inferior to arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mainstem bronchus is an aspirated object most likely to enter?

    <p>Right mainstem bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a supine individual, where might an aspirated object end up?

    <p>In the lower lobe of the right lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what vertebral level is the carina located?

    <p>T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are responsible for the referred pain from the parietal pleura to the thoracic wall and neck/shoulder?

    <p>Intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the phrenic nerve?

    <p>Ventral rami of spinal nerves from C3, C4, and C5 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the A-P relationship of the pulmonary arteries and veins as they leave the heart?

    <p>The pulmonary arteries are posterior to the pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the A-P relationship of the pulmonary arteries and veins at the hilum of the lung?

    <p>The pulmonary arteries are anterior to the pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels run in the septae between bronchopulmonary segments?

    <p>Bronchial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve(s) are responsible for bronchoconstriction and via which muscle(s) is this accomplished?

    <p>Vagus nerve and smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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