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Questions and Answers
Following a bout of the common cold, a patient develops bacterial otitis media. Which characteristic of the common cold makes this complication most plausible?
Following a bout of the common cold, a patient develops bacterial otitis media. Which characteristic of the common cold makes this complication most plausible?
- The common cold is primarily caused by adenoviruses.
- The common cold is a self-limiting infection, potentially allowing secondary infections to develop. (correct)
- The common cold is associated with a high fever, creating an environment for bacterial growth.
- The common cold directly suppresses the immune system, predisposing individuals to bacterial infections.
A child presents with a barking cough and stridor. Which of the following viruses is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
A child presents with a barking cough and stridor. Which of the following viruses is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
- Adenovirus
- Parainfluenza virus (correct)
- Coronavirus
- Rhinovirus
A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency room with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing, drooling, and a high fever. Examination reveals severe inflammation of the epiglottis. What is the MOST likely causative agent?
A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency room with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing, drooling, and a high fever. Examination reveals severe inflammation of the epiglottis. What is the MOST likely causative agent?
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae (correct)
- Moraxella catarrhalis
A patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and fatigue. Upon examination, the physician notes significant hyperemia and exudates in the pharynx. Which of the following etiologies should the physician consider as MOST likely?
A patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and fatigue. Upon examination, the physician notes significant hyperemia and exudates in the pharynx. Which of the following etiologies should the physician consider as MOST likely?
Why are upper respiratory infections, like the common cold, more prevalent during the fall and winter months?
Why are upper respiratory infections, like the common cold, more prevalent during the fall and winter months?
Flashcards
Common Cold
Common Cold
Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, often caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses, that is typically self-limiting.
Acute Pharyngitis
Acute Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx, often presenting as a sore throat, with mild cases accompanying a cold and severe forms associated with bacterial infections.
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis, predominantly affecting young children, caused by H. influenzae, leading to rapid airway obstruction.
Croup
Croup
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Common Cold Symptoms
Common Cold Symptoms
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Study Notes
Common Cold
- A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
- Common pathogens include rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, parainfluenza, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses.
- Most infections occur in the fall and winter.
- Self-limiting.
- May be complicated by bacterial otitis media or sinusitis.
- Results in nasal congestion, watery discharge, and sneezing.
- Patients report feeling scratchy with a dry sore throat and low grade fever
Acute Pharyngitis
- Manifests as a sore throat.
- Accompanies a cold and tonsillitis.
- Mild forms often accompany a cold and is the most common form of pharyngitis.
- More severe forms are associated with marked hyperemia and exudates.
- Can occur with β-hemolytic streptococcal and adenovirus infections.
- Can lead to peritonsillar abscesses, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis or acute rheumatic fever.
Epiglottitis
- Primarily affects young children.
- Caused by H. influenzae.
- Results in a sudden onset of painful airway obstruction.
Croup
- Caused by the parainfluenza virus.
- Causes airway obstruction.
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