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Types of Synovial Joints
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Types of Synovial Joints

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Questions and Answers

What is the type of joint that has one axis and two movements?

  • Plane joint
  • Uniaxial joint (correct)
  • Multiaxial joint
  • Biaxial joint
  • What is the characteristic of a hinge joint?

  • It has no axis and one movement
  • It has three axes and three movements
  • It has two axes and three movements
  • It has one axis and two movements (correct)
  • What is the type of joint that has a convex surface that articulates with a concave surface?

  • Ellipsoid joint
  • Condylar joint (correct)
  • Pivot joint
  • Saddle joint
  • Which type of joint is characterized by a cup and spherical head?

    <p>Ball and socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ligaments in a joint?

    <p>To connect bones together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the space between the articulating bones in a joint?

    <p>Joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the articular disc of cartilage in a joint?

    <p>To divide the joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the membrane that lines the interior of a joint?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement occurs in plane joints?

    <p>Gilding movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of movement that occurs around a transverse axis?

    <p>Flexion and extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle has fibers parallel to the line of pull?

    <p>Strap-like muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle has fibers oblique to the line of pull?

    <p>Pinnate muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of movement that involves a combination of all movements in sequence?

    <p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three histological types of muscle tissue?

    <p>Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of muscle tissue?

    <p>Respond to stimulation by contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the acromio-clavicular joint?

    <p>Plane joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of synovial joints?

    <p>Articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of synovial joints that allows for movement?

    <p>Presence of a joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of synovial joints?

    <p>No joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of fibrous joints that is NOT found in synovial joints?

    <p>Fibrous tissue between articulating bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cartilaginous joints that is NOT found in synovial joints?

    <p>Cartilaginous tissue between articulating bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between synovial joints and other types of joints?

    <p>Presence of a joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of synovial joints that allows for flexibility?

    <p>Presence of a joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that is common to both synovial and cartilaginous joints?

    <p>Very limited or no movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Joint Structure and Types

    • A joint is covered by an articular capsule and lined by a synovial membrane, except on the articular surfaces.
    • The joint cavity may be divided by an articular disc of cartilage (e.g., knee and TMJ joints).
    • Joints are connected by ligaments and have a wide range of movement.

    Synovial Joints

    • Classified into three types based on the axis of movement:
      • Uniaxial joints (one axis, two movements):
    • Hinge joints (transverse axis, e.g., elbow and inter-phalangeal joints)
    • Pivot joints (vertical axis, e.g., radio-ulnar joints)
      • Biaxial joints (two axes, three movements):
    • Condylar joints (e.g., knee and temporomandibular joints)
    • Ellipsoid joints (e.g., wrist joint)
    • Saddle joints (e.g., carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb)
      • Multiaxial joints (more than two axes, more free mobility):
    • Ball and socket joints (e.g., shoulder and hip joints)
    • Plane joints (e.g., intercarpal and intertarsal joints)

    Synovial Joint Characteristics

    • Articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage.
    • There is a joint cavity.

    Movements at Synovial Joints

    • Gliding movement: one surface glides over the other (e.g., plane joints).
    • Angular movement:
    • Flexion and extension (around transverse axis)
    • Abduction and adduction (around antero-posterior axis)
    • Rotation movement: rotation around a longitudinal axis.
    • Circumduction: a combination of all movements in sequence.

    Arterial Supply of Long Bones

    • Periosteal arteries: branches from periosteum to compact bone.
    • Nutrient artery: enters the shaft through the nutrient foramen and divides into upper and lower branches.
    • Epiphyseal artery: supplies the end of the bone.
    • Metaphyseal artery: supplies the junction between the shaft and the end of the bone.

    Fibrous Joints

    • Characters:
    • Fibrous tissue between articulating bones.
    • No joint cavity.
    • No movement.
    • Types:
    • Suture (e.g., skull bones).
    • Gomphosis (e.g., tooth in mandible).
    • Syndesmosis (e.g., inferior tibiofibular joint).

    Cartilaginous Joints

    • Characters:
    • Cartilaginous tissue between articulating bones.
    • No joint cavity.
    • Very limited or no movement.
    • Types:
    • Primary (temporary, no movement, e.g., epiphyseal plate of cartilage).
    • Secondary (permanent, minimal movement, e.g., intervertebral disc, symphysis pubis).

    Skeletal Muscles

    • Classified based on the direction of muscle fibers to the line of pull:
      • Muscles with fibers parallel to the line of pull:
    • Strap-like.
    • Fusiform.
    • Quadrilateral.
      • Muscles with fibers oblique to the line of pull:
    • Pinnate: - Unipinnate. - Bipinnate. - Multipinnate. - Circumpinnate.
    • Non-pinnate: - Triangular. - Circular.

    Muscle Tissue

    • Consists of elongated cells specialized to respond to stimulation by contracting.
    • Three histological types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, differing in appearance, physiology, and function.

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    Description

    Know the different types of synovial joints, their characteristics, and examples. Understand the movement and structure of each type.

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