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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of using paddle stirrers in the forehearth equalizing zone?
When are hybrid stirrers typically utilized in the equalizing zone?
What is the primary function of helix stirrers in the forehearth equalizing zone?
Which type of stirrer is specifically used to minimize the appearance of light streaks?
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In which type of glass operation would helix stirrers be particularly beneficial?
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What does the Appendix section provide reference for regarding the stirrers used in the equalizing zone?
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Why is it important to evaluate the external temperature of the metallic casing in the glass production process?
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What is a key factor to determine the wear of the refractory channel blocks in the glass production process?
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How are the casing temperatures in the glass production process evaluated?
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What can glass penetration into the insulation layers of metallic casings lead to in the glass production process?
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Why does glass flow prefer to travel along shorter flow paths in the glass production process?
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How can the rotation direction of the tube be used to optimize homogenization in the spout according to the text?
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What role does monitoring the external temperature of metallic casings play in glass production processes?
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Study Notes
Stirrer Systems in the Forehearth Equalizing Zone
- Three types of stirrer systems are used to help with glass quality issues and improve glass conditioning: Paddle Stirrers, Hybrid Stirrers, and Helix Stirrers.
Paddle Stirrers
- Used to eliminate surface cords (“cat-scratch”) in the container and minimize the appearance of color streaks caused by over-reducing conditions in the glass chemistry.
- Can help improve gob thermal homogeneity.
Hybrid Stirrers
- Used to minimize the appearance of light streaks caused by the oxidation of reduced glasses and color streaks caused by over-reducing conditions in the glass chemistry.
- Can help improve gob thermal homogeneity.
Helix Stirrers
- Used to help with glass temperature homogeneity in forehearths that operate at high pull or darker glass colors (e.g., UV and Antique Green).
Metallic Casing Temperatures
- External temperature of the metallic casing in the refiner, alcove, forehearth, and spouts is a key factor in determining wear of refractory channel blocks and glass penetration into insulation layers.
- Temperature ranges affect glass quality, leading to blisters, devitrification, and surface cords (“cat-scratch”).
- Temperatures should be evaluated by thermal scanning with an infrared camera using an average emissivity of 0.65 for metallic casings.
Safe Operational Ranges
- The following are safe operational ranges for metallic casing temperatures.
Glass Flow and Homogenization
- Glass flow prefers to travel along shorter flow paths with higher velocity and temperature.
- Setting the rotation direction of the tube against the direction of the glass flow with higher speed and/or temperature helps optimize homogenization in the spout.
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Description
Learn about the three different types of stirrer systems - Paddle Stirrers, Hybrid Stirrers, and Bubbling Stirrers - used at the forehearth equalizing zone to address glass quality issues and enhance glass conditioning. Each type serves a specific purpose in improving the overall quality of glass production.
