Types of Organ Rejection
17 Questions
7 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of hyperacute rejection?

  • Acute cellular rejection
  • Chronic cellular reaction
  • Preformed antidonor antibodies (correct)
  • Slow monocyte/macrophages infiltration
  • Which type of graft rejection is characterized by an abrupt onset of oliguria?

  • Hyperacute rejection (correct)
  • Acute graft rejection
  • Chronic rejection
  • Secondary immunodeficiency
  • What is the primary mechanism of acute graft rejection?

  • Acute cellular rejection (correct)
  • Slow monocyte/macrophages infiltration
  • Chronic cellular reaction
  • Acute humoral rejection
  • What is the primary cause of chronic rejection?

    <p>Antibodies and immune complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of prevention of rejection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency?

    <p>Congenital vs. acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of CD8+ CTLs in graft rejection?

    <p>Inducing T cell mediated rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graft is transplanted between two genetically identical individuals?

    <p>Isograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of humoral rejection?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rejection time of a graft?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of MHC class I and II molecules in graft rejection?

    <p>Causing strong, rapid responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unresponsiveness to antigens?

    <p>Immunological tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the failure of mechanisms to inactivate or eliminate self-reactive cells?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tolerance occurs in the generative lymphoid organs?

    <p>Central Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tolerance occurs in the peripheral tissues?

    <p>Peripheral Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the immune response against self antigens?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that influence autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Rejection

    • Hyperacute rejection: occurs immediately within minutes to hours, caused by preformed antidonor antibodies (anti ABO blood group antibodies, anti HLA antibodies)
    • Acute rejection: occurs within days, weeks, or months, caused by acute cellular rejection and acute humoral rejection
    • Chronic rejection: occurs within months to years, cause unclear, involves antibodies, immune complexes, and slow cellular reaction

    Characteristics of Rejection

    • Hyperacute rejection: abrupt onset of oliguria, may be associated with fever and graft tenderness
    • Acute rejection: clinical presentation varies
    • Chronic rejection: pathogenesis involves T cells inducing monocyte/macrophage infiltration into the graft, along with endothelial cells to produce growth factors and cytokines (PDGF, Insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and TGFβ)

    Prevention of Rejection

    • Screening of recipient and donor for blood group matches
    • Tissue matching: donor and recipient share the same MHC class I and class II antigens
    • Immunosuppressive therapy

    Immunodeficiency Diseases

    • Primary immunodeficiency: congenital and hereditary, patient born with a genetic mutation that results in a defect in either the innate or adaptive immune response
    • Secondary immunodeficiency: acquired on a transient or permanent basis, examples include SLE (which affects women about 10 times more frequently than men) and injury

    Graft Rejection

    • Histocompatibility antigens determine rejection between two genetically different individuals
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC class I and II molecules) cause strong, rapid responses, principally responsible for transplant rejection
    • Types of graft: xenograft, allograft, isograft, and autograft
    • Mechanism of graft rejection: cellular rejection (T cell mediated) and humoral rejection (antibody mediated)

    Tolerance and Autoimmune Disease

    • Immune system reacts to an enormous variety of microbes but does not react against individual's own (self) antigens
    • Unresponsiveness to antigens is called immunological tolerance
    • Inability to respond to antigen stimulation or immunological unresponsiveness is tolerance
    • Failure of tolerance mechanisms leads to autoimmunity or autoimmune disease
    • Tolerance: central tolerance (inactivation or destruction of lymphocytes during early development) and peripheral tolerance (inactivation or destruction of mature lymphocytes in peripheral tissues)
    • Autoimmune disease: immune response against self-antigens as a result of breakdown of tolerance, can be either systemic or organ-specific
    • Factors influencing autoimmune diseases: genetic (MHC alleles, non-MHC genes, FcgR, Fas/FasL), environmental (microbes), and gender (hormones play a role)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Immunology Part II PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the different types of organ rejection, including hyperacute, acute, and chronic rejection, and their underlying mechanisms and clinical presentations.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser