T1 L19: Introduction to Transplantation Immunology (FK)
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to transplantation between genetically identical individuals?

  • Allogeneic
  • Autologous
  • Isograft
  • Syngeneic (correct)

    • Which term refers to transplantation between genetically disparate members of the same species?

  • Allogeneic (correct)
  • Autologous
  • Isograft
  • Syngeneic

    • Which term refers to transplantation to another site on the same individual?

  • Syngeneic
  • Isograft
  • Allogeneic
  • Autologous (correct)

    • Which term refers to transplantation to a genetically identical individual, such as homozygous twins?

    <p>Isograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time from the interruption of circulation to the donor organ until it is flushed with hypothermic preservation solution?

    <p>Warm ischemic time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time from the moment the organ is removed from the cold preservation solution until the blood supply is reinstated?

    <p>Cold ischemic time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time from the moment the blood supply is reinstated to the graft?

    <p>Reperfusion time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cells are mainly responsible for acute rejection of a graft?

    <p>CD8 T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rejection of a graft that occurs within weeks to months?

    <p>Acute rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is characterized by chronic vascular damage and reduction of vascular lumen?

    <p>Chronic rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of graft damage in hyperacute rejection?

    <p>Preformed antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a live-donor transplant?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of mismatches considered in HLA matching for solid organ transplantation?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of HLA-alleles?

    <p>To increase diversity and improve species survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of donor/recipient crossmatching in transplantation preparation?

    <p>To detect pre-formed antibodies in the recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern in ABO matching for organ transplantation?

    <p>ABO incompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which MHC complex is presented intracellularly?

    <p>MHC-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reperfusion of an ischemic organ graft?

    <p>Reperfusion damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do anti-HLA antibodies primarily target?

    <p>Donor vasculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocytes express Fc receptors that interact with HLA antibodies?

    <p>Monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperacute rejection in transplantation?

    <p>Very early destruction of the graft caused by antibodies to HLA, RBC, and EC antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a signal molecule for immunosuppression?

    <p>Cyclosporin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a biological used in renal transplantation?

    <p>Rituximab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a classic triple regimen in renal transplantation?

    <p>Cyclosporin A, Azathioprine, Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations may require a reduction in immunosuppression?

    <p>High risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, how does the immune system differentiate between 'self' and 'non-self'?

    <p>By differentiating between tissue injury and microbial products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs has the highest frequency of complications in transplantation?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an autograft?

    <p>Bone Marrow/stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle effect of Tacrolimus?

    <p>Calcineurin inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of graft rejection?

    <p>Chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transplantation involves grafting between different species?

    <p>Xenograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transplantation is performed between genetically identical individuals?

    <p>Isograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time from the interruption of circulation to the donor organ until it is flushed with hypothermic preservation solution?

    <p>Warm ischemic time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of graft rejection in transplantation?

    <p>Antibody-mediated response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway can be triggered by complement activating antibodies binding to C1?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the activation of the complement system?

    <p>Complement cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells are less specific and recognize MHC molecules that the donor does not have?

    <p>T cells with non-specific receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells express receptors for the FC portion of antibodies?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of antibodies in transplantation?

    <p>Inflammation and clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of graft rejection?

    <p>T cell recognition of non-self MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rejection of a graft that occurs within a very short time?

    <p>Hyperacute rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of HLA-alleles in transplantation?

    <p>They present antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells differentiate into plasma cells that can reside in the bone marrow or in the gut?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when antibodies recognize MHC molecules on the surface of the endothelium?

    <p>Endothelial cells get activated and express class II MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells can express class II MHC when activated?

    <p>Endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of activation and expression of class II MHC by endothelial cells?

    <p>Proliferation of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic that will be covered in the lecture on transplantation?

    <p>Nomenclature of transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the lecture on transplantation?

    <p>The immune response to graft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between genetic and allogenic transplantation?

    <p>Genetic transplantation involves identical twins, while allogenic transplantation involves different genetic backgrounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immunosuppression in transplantation?

    <p>To prevent rejection of the graft by suppressing the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the HLA complex?

    <p>Increasing the diversity of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MHC molecules in antigen presentation?

    <p>They help the immune system recognize antigens inside a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the immune response to a graft in transplantation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern in terms of HLA matching for organ transplantation?

    <p>The number of mismatches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can take up EVs produced by stressed graft cells?

    <p>Recipient cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of recipient cells taking up EVs produced by stressed graft cells?

    <p>Expression of donor MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MHC molecules in EVs produced by stressed graft cells?

    <p>Activation of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main result of recipient T-cell activation in the beginning of transplantation?

    <p>Strong immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of graft rejection in transplantation?

    <p>Activation of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immunosuppression in transplantation?

    <p>Prevention of graft rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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