Types of Mental Disorders

Types of Mental Disorders

• Psychoneurosis: a mental disorder with no physical basis, characterized by obsessions, fears, or phobias, and emotional unhealthiness
• Psychosis: a serious mental and emotional disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, and can be caused by encephalitis, intoxication, cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile brain disease, mania, dementia praecox, or split personality

Psychosomatic Illness

• Interrelationship of mind, body, and desire

Mental Retardation (MR)

• A condition of limited ability with a low IQ (usually below 70) and difficulty adapting to everyday life
• Characterized by limited ability exhibited during the developmental period (by age 18)

Perception Disorders

• Hallucination: erroneous perception without an external object or stimulus, which can be visual or auditory
• Illusion: false interpretation of an external stimulus, which can be manifested through sight, hearing, taste, touch, or smell
• Delusion: a faulty belief motivated by individual needs and having no basis in reality, which can be of various types, including erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, reference, or guilt delusion type

IQ Categories and Equivalent Capacities

• 1-20: Idiot, equivalent to a 1-3-year-old child
• 21-40: Imbecile, equivalent to a 3-6-year-old child
• 41-75: Moron, equivalent to a 6-8-year-old child
• 76-90: Dull-minded, equivalent to a 9-11-year-old child
• 91-120: Normal (Average), equivalent to an 11-14-year-old child
• 121-130: Superior, above average capacity
• 131-140: Talented, high development
• 141 and above: Genius, very high development

Classification of Personality Disorders

• Compulsive: excessive concern with conforming to rules and regulations
• Passive-Aggressive: hostile expressed indirectly and non-violently
• Paranoid: suspicious, rigid, envious, hypersensitive, and excessively self-important
• Hysteria: strong and uncontrolled behavior

Classification of Neurotic Disorders

• Conversion Neurosis: emotional distress converted into physical symptoms
• Obsessive-Compulsive: actions repeated for unexplained reasons
• Phobia: morbid fear of a particular object or situation

Types of Phobias

• Acrophobia: fear of high places
• Agoraphobia: fear of open spaces
• Malgophobia: fear of pain
• Astraphobia: fear of storms, thunder, and lightning
• Many others, including Claustrophobia, Gynophobia, Pyrophobia, and Zoophobia

Schizophrenia

• A mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and loss of contact with reality
• Derived from the Greek terms "schidzein" (split) and "phren" (mind)

Kinds of Schizophrenia

• Simple Schizophrenia: gradual deterioration of intellectual function, emotional disturbances, and depression
• Paranoid Schizophrenia: delusions of persecution or grandeur, with or without auditory hallucinations
• Hebephrenic Schizophrenia: severe disintegration of personality, with inappropriate giggling, smiling, and bizarre language
• Residual Schizophrenia: lack of motivation or interest in everyday life
• Catatonic Schizophrenia: extreme withdrawal, negativism, isolation, and psychomotor disturbances
• Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: exhibiting symptoms of multiple types, without a clear predominance of a particular set of diagnostic characteristics

Personality Dimensions That Affect Human Behavior

• Psychoticism: cold, cruel, socially insensitive, and disregard for danger
• Extraversion: dictates condition ability, principal factor in anti-social behavior
• Neurotism: reflects an innate biological predisposition to react physiologically to stressful or upsetting events, representing emotional instability

Learn about the characteristics of psychoneurosis and psychosis, two types of mental disorders. Discover the symptoms and causes of these disorders.