40 Questions
What is the primary symptom of dementia in organic mental disorders?
Loss of memory
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of delirium in organic mental disorders?
Loss of concentration
What is the relationship between cognitive impairment and delirium in organic mental disorders?
They are two distinct conditions
Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of organic mental disorders?
Severe mood swings
What is the common thread among organic mental disorders?
All involve a decline in cognitive function
What is a key difference between elderlies without dementia and patients with dementia in terms of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles?
Extensive versus limited distribution
What can be said about the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in elderlies without dementia?
They are present but not widespread
Why are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles considered significant in patients with dementia?
Because of their extensive and widespread distribution
What is a possible implication of the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in elderlies without dementia?
Dementia may or may not occur
What can be inferred about the relationship between senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and dementia?
They are correlated but not causative
What is a key factor in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease?
Remaining physically and mentally active throughout life
Which of the following is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease?
High education levels
What is a potential benefit of maintaining physical and mental activity throughout life?
Reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease?
High education levels and remaining physically and mentally active
What is a key factor in reducing the risk of cognitive decline in older adults?
Engaging in mentally stimulating activities
What is the single most significant risk factor for a particular condition?
Age
Which of the following risk factors is most closely linked to brain function?
Head injury
A patient is experiencing high blood pressure and has a history of diabetes. Which risk factor is most relevant to their condition?
Insulin resistance
What is the risk factor that is most closely linked to mental health?
Depression
A patient is experiencing a combination of risk factors. Which risk factor is most likely to have a cumulative effect with the others?
Age
What is the characteristic behavior of a patient with carphologia?
Picking at imaginary threads on their clothes
Which of the following is an example of occupational delirium?
A teacher teaching a class in the hospital
What is the key difference between carphologia and occupational delirium?
One involves picking at imaginary threads, while the other involves performing a familiar task
What is the common theme among the behaviors described in the content?
They are all abnormal behaviors seen in patients with delirium or dementia
What is the significance of these behaviors in patients with delirium or dementia?
They are a sign of the patient's underlying cognitive impairment
Which neurotransmitters, apart from acetylcholine, have been implicated in some cases of Alzheimer's disease?
Serotonin and norepinephrine
Which chromosomes have been linked to Alzheimer's disease?
Chromosomes 1, 14, and 21
What is the relationship between the genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease and the development of the condition?
The genetic linkage increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
What is the significance of the genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease on chromosomes 1, 14, and 21?
It increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
What is the implication of the genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease on chromosomes 1, 14, and 21?
It increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
What is Binswanger's disease characterized by?
Multiple small white matter infarctions
What is the main goal of managing risk factors in the treatment of dementia?
To reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia
What is the primary focus of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?
To increase the level of acetylcholine in the brain
What is the relationship between subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy and dementia?
Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is a type of dementia
What is the name of the disease characterized by multiple small white matter infarctions and producing symptoms of subcortical dementia?
Binswanger's disease
What is the prevalent characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in terms of neurons?
Cholinergic neurons
Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease?
Demyelination
What is the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles?
Tau protein
Which of the following is a consequence of cholinergic neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease?
Cognitive impairment
What is the relationship between amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Both are independent hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease
Study Notes
Organic Mental Disorders
- Common symptoms include:
- CCHD (Cerebro Cardiovascular Disease) and dementia, characterized by mainly loss of memory
- Cognitive impairment, specifically delirium, marked by mainly loss of concentration
Alzheimer's Disease
- Risk factors:
- Age is the most important risk factor
- Other risk factors include head injury, hypertension, insulin resistance, and depression
- Protective factors:
- High education levels
- Remaining physically and mentally active till late in life
Clinical Features
- Floccillations (or carphologia):
- Aimless picking behavior, where the patient appears to be picking at their clothes or bed
- Example: A patient may move their hands as if they are sewing, even though they are not actually doing so
- Occupational delirium:
- Patient behaves as if they are still on their job, despite being in the hospital
- Example: A patient may behave as if they are still working at their job, even though they are hospitalized
Neurochemistry of Alzheimer's Disease
- Alzheimer's disease is primarily a disorder of cholinergic neurons.
- Loss of cholinergic neurons is a consistent finding in Alzheimer's disease.
- Apart from acetylcholine, serotonin and norepinephrine are also implicated in some cases of Alzheimer's disease.
Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease
- Alzheimer's disease has shown linkage to chromosomes 1, 14, and 21.
Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
- Treatment involves management of risk factors.
- Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Binswanger's Disease
- Also known as subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.
- Characterized by multiple small white matter infarctions.
- Can produce symptoms of subcortical dementia.
This quiz covers the common symptoms of Organic Mental Disorders, including CCHD and dementia, as well as Alzheimer's Disease, including risk factors and protective factors.
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