Psychology: Organic Mental Disorders and Alzheimer's
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary symptom of dementia in organic mental disorders?

  • Loss of concentration
  • Delirium
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Loss of memory (correct)

    • Which of the following is a primary characteristic of delirium in organic mental disorders?

  • Loss of memory
  • Loss of concentration (correct)
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Severe mood swings

    • What is the relationship between cognitive impairment and delirium in organic mental disorders?

  • Cognitive impairment is a symptom of delirium
  • They are two distinct conditions (correct)
  • Cognitive impairment is a subtype of delirium
  • Delirium is a subtype of cognitive impairment

    • Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of organic mental disorders?

    <p>Severe mood swings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common thread among organic mental disorders?

    <p>All involve a decline in cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between elderlies without dementia and patients with dementia in terms of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles?

    <p>Extensive versus limited distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in elderlies without dementia?

    <p>They are present but not widespread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles considered significant in patients with dementia?

    <p>Because of their extensive and widespread distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible implication of the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in elderlies without dementia?

    <p>Dementia may or may not occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the relationship between senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and dementia?

    <p>They are correlated but not causative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Remaining physically and mentally active throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>High education levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of maintaining physical and mental activity throughout life?

    <p>Reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>High education levels and remaining physically and mentally active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in reducing the risk of cognitive decline in older adults?

    <p>Engaging in mentally stimulating activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the single most significant risk factor for a particular condition?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following risk factors is most closely linked to brain function?

    <p>Head injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is experiencing high blood pressure and has a history of diabetes. Which risk factor is most relevant to their condition?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk factor that is most closely linked to mental health?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is experiencing a combination of risk factors. Which risk factor is most likely to have a cumulative effect with the others?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic behavior of a patient with carphologia?

    <p>Picking at imaginary threads on their clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of occupational delirium?

    <p>A teacher teaching a class in the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between carphologia and occupational delirium?

    <p>One involves picking at imaginary threads, while the other involves performing a familiar task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common theme among the behaviors described in the content?

    <p>They are all abnormal behaviors seen in patients with delirium or dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of these behaviors in patients with delirium or dementia?

    <p>They are a sign of the patient's underlying cognitive impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters, apart from acetylcholine, have been implicated in some cases of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Serotonin and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosomes have been linked to Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Chromosomes 1, 14, and 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease and the development of the condition?

    <p>The genetic linkage increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease on chromosomes 1, 14, and 21?

    <p>It increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the genetic linkage of Alzheimer's disease on chromosomes 1, 14, and 21?

    <p>It increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Binswanger's disease characterized by?

    <p>Multiple small white matter infarctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of managing risk factors in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia?

    <p>To increase the level of acetylcholine in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy and dementia?

    <p>Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is a type of dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease characterized by multiple small white matter infarctions and producing symptoms of subcortical dementia?

    <p>Binswanger's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalent characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in terms of neurons?

    <p>Cholinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles?

    <p>Tau protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of cholinergic neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Cognitive impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Both are independent hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organic Mental Disorders

    • Common symptoms include:
    • CCHD (Cerebro Cardiovascular Disease) and dementia, characterized by mainly loss of memory
    • Cognitive impairment, specifically delirium, marked by mainly loss of concentration

    Alzheimer's Disease

    • Risk factors:
    • Age is the most important risk factor
    • Other risk factors include head injury, hypertension, insulin resistance, and depression
    • Protective factors:
    • High education levels
    • Remaining physically and mentally active till late in life

    Clinical Features

    • Floccillations (or carphologia):
      • Aimless picking behavior, where the patient appears to be picking at their clothes or bed
      • Example: A patient may move their hands as if they are sewing, even though they are not actually doing so
    • Occupational delirium:
      • Patient behaves as if they are still on their job, despite being in the hospital
      • Example: A patient may behave as if they are still working at their job, even though they are hospitalized

    Neurochemistry of Alzheimer's Disease

    • Alzheimer's disease is primarily a disorder of cholinergic neurons.
    • Loss of cholinergic neurons is a consistent finding in Alzheimer's disease.
    • Apart from acetylcholine, serotonin and norepinephrine are also implicated in some cases of Alzheimer's disease.

    Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease

    • Alzheimer's disease has shown linkage to chromosomes 1, 14, and 21.

    Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

    • Treatment involves management of risk factors.
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

    Binswanger's Disease

    • Also known as subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.
    • Characterized by multiple small white matter infarctions.
    • Can produce symptoms of subcortical dementia.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the common symptoms of Organic Mental Disorders, including CCHD and dementia, as well as Alzheimer's Disease, including risk factors and protective factors.

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