Types of Measurement Scales in Statistics

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Questions and Answers

What type of scale ranks observations in terms of size or magnitude?

Ratio scale

Ordinal scale (correct)

Interval scale

Nominal scale

Which scale reflects equal differences in magnitude but has an arbitrary zero point?

Ratio scale

Nominal scale

Ordinal scale

Interval scale (correct)

What is a characteristic or condition that changes and has different values for individuals?

Variable (correct)

Dependent variable

Independent variable

Data set

Which scale has intervals of the same size and an absolute zero point?

Ratio scale Signup and view all the answers

What type of variables are presumed to influence another variable?

Independent variables Signup and view all the answers

What do measurements on a nominal scale do?

Label and categorize observations Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used for sample size determination in Yamane's formula?

N = 1 + N(e)^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a rating scale in research?

To make a judgment about behavior or produced work Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a method of collecting data according to the text?

T-tests Signup and view all the answers

In Cochran's formula, what does 'p' represent?

The proportion of the population with the attribute in question Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used for sample size calculation after Cochran's correction in the text?

(n0 / (1+ (n0 - 1) / N) Signup and view all the answers

What do attitude scales measure?

Level of agreement with statements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a questionnaire?

To gather data about respondents' attitudes, experiences, or opinions Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is recommended for questionnaire design?

Keep the questionnaire as short as possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic assumption underlying all attitude scales?

It is possible to discover attitudes by asking individuals to respond Signup and view all the answers

Which level of measurement has four scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio?

Interval Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question should be used cautiously in a questionnaire?

Open-ended questions Signup and view all the answers

What should question instructions for a questionnaire aim for?

Clear and concise wording Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measurement Scales

A ordinal scale ranks observations based on size or magnitude, reflecting relative positions.
An interval scale reflects equal differences in magnitude but has an arbitrary zero point, allowing for meaningful comparison between values.
A nominal scale categorizes variables without ranking, merely labeling different groups or categories.

Characteristics of Variables

A variable is a characteristic or condition that varies among individuals, showing different values for different subjects.

Scales with Absolute Measures

A ratio scale has intervals of equal size and possesses an absolute zero point, allowing for the calculation of ratios and meaningful absolute comparisons.

Influencing Variables

Independent variables are presumed to influence another variable, often referred to as dependent variables.

Measurement on Scales

Nominal scale measurements categorize data without indicating any order or relative magnitude.

Sample Size Determination

Yamane's formula is used for determining sample size, addressing the need for a statistically significant group for research purposes.
In Cochran's formula, 'p' represents the estimated proportion of an attribute present in the population.
After Cochran's correction, the corrected formula for sample size calculation adjusts for design effects in survey research.

Research Tools and Their Purposes

A rating scale in research is used to assess attitudes or opinions, offering a quantitative measure of subjective sentiments.
The purpose of a questionnaire is to systematically gather information from respondents to analyze data effectively.

Questionnaire Design Principles

The principle of clarity is recommended for questionnaire design to ensure that questions are well-understood by respondents.
Basic assumptions underlying all attitude scales are aimed at accurately capturing a respondent's feelings or beliefs on a given topic.

Survey Question Types

Open-ended questions should be used cautiously in questionnaires, as they can lead to varied and sometimes unstructured responses.

Instructions for Questionnaires

Instructions for a questionnaire should aim for clarity and precision, guiding respondents on how to complete the survey accurately.

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Description

Learn about different types of measurement scales in statistics including nominal, ordinal, and interval scales. Understand how these scales categorize observations and the distinctions between them.