Questions and Answers
What type of scale allows for organizing observations in terms of the intensity of the measured trait, but does not have a unit of measurement?
Ordinal scale
Which scale allows determining exactly how different two observations are, but lacks an absolute zero point?
Interval scale
In the context of measuring psychological traits like anxiety and mood, which quantitative scale would be most suitable?
Interval scale
Which type of scale has an absolute zero point and allows for the total absence of the variable being measured?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of scale allows for classifying objects into different categories without a unit of measurement and does not allow ordering information?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effects of exposure to a stressor on subsequent cognitive task performance?
Signup and view all the answers
In the experiment measuring exposure to a stressor and subsequent cognitive task performance, what are the independent variables?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effects of caffeine on alertness?
Signup and view all the answers
Which experiment involves exposure to a stressor as the independent variable and performance on a subsequent cognitive task as the dependent variable?
Signup and view all the answers
In the experiment involving sleep-deprivation and retention of words, what is the independent variable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the predictor variable in the study aiming to determine if the amount of time individuals spend on social media platforms daily can predict their levels of well-being or symptoms of depression?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the outcome variable in the study investigating if socioeconomic status during childhood can predict health outcomes in adulthood?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of information can be collected depending on the measurement scale used?
Signup and view all the answers
In the study investigating if the amount of time students spend studying per week can predict their academic performance, what is the outcome variable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the predictor variable in the study aiming to determine if the frequency of physical exercise in older adults can predict their cognitive function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of research participant selection involves random assignment to groups?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of stress measurement, why are animal studies like rats and monkeys not considered representative for their species?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes theory-driven research from direct application research in the context of stress measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of William Proxmire's question 'Why monkeys clench their teeth?' in the context of stress measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of stress measurement, what is an example of a relevant indicator for measuring stress in people who spend a lot of time with other people in small, closed spaces?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Scales of Measurement
- Ordinal scale: allows organizing observations in terms of intensity, but lacks units of measurement
- Interval scale: allows determining exact differences between observations, but lacks an absolute zero point
- Ratio scale: has an absolute zero point and allows measuring the total absence of the variable
Scales in Psychology
- In measuring psychological traits like anxiety and mood, interval scales are suitable
Measurement Scales
- Nominal scale: classifies objects into categories without units of measurement and doesn't allow ordering information
- Dependent variable: outcome or response being measured in an experiment
- Independent variable: factor being manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable
Experiments
- Experiment measuring exposure to a stressor: dependent variable is performance on a subsequent cognitive task, independent variable is exposure to a stressor
- Experiment measuring effects of caffeine: dependent variable is alertness
- Experiment involving sleep-deprivation and retention of words: independent variable is sleep-deprivation
Variables
- Predictor variable: in the study of social media use and well-being, it's the amount of time spent on social media
- Outcome variable: in the study of socioeconomic status and health outcomes, it's the health outcomes in adulthood
- In the study of studying time and academic performance, the outcome variable is academic performance
- In the study of physical exercise and cognitive function, the predictor variable is the frequency of physical exercise
Research Methodology
- Random assignment: a type of participant selection where participants are randomly assigned to groups
Stress Measurement
- Animal studies like rats and monkeys are not considered representative for their species because they are not directly applicable to humans
- Theory-driven research aims to understand a phenomenon, while direct application research aims to solve a practical problem
- William Proxmire's question 'Why monkeys clench their teeth?' highlights the importance of considering emotional states in stress measurement
- In measuring stress in people who spend a lot of time with others in small, closed spaces, a relevant indicator is the rate of infections or illnesses.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
