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Questions and Answers
What type of scale allows for organizing observations in terms of the intensity of the measured trait, but does not have a unit of measurement?
What type of scale allows for organizing observations in terms of the intensity of the measured trait, but does not have a unit of measurement?
Which scale allows determining exactly how different two observations are, but lacks an absolute zero point?
Which scale allows determining exactly how different two observations are, but lacks an absolute zero point?
In the context of measuring psychological traits like anxiety and mood, which quantitative scale would be most suitable?
In the context of measuring psychological traits like anxiety and mood, which quantitative scale would be most suitable?
Which type of scale has an absolute zero point and allows for the total absence of the variable being measured?
Which type of scale has an absolute zero point and allows for the total absence of the variable being measured?
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What type of scale allows for classifying objects into different categories without a unit of measurement and does not allow ordering information?
What type of scale allows for classifying objects into different categories without a unit of measurement and does not allow ordering information?
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What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effects of exposure to a stressor on subsequent cognitive task performance?
What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effects of exposure to a stressor on subsequent cognitive task performance?
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In the experiment measuring exposure to a stressor and subsequent cognitive task performance, what are the independent variables?
In the experiment measuring exposure to a stressor and subsequent cognitive task performance, what are the independent variables?
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What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effects of caffeine on alertness?
What is the dependent variable in the experiment measuring the effects of caffeine on alertness?
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Which experiment involves exposure to a stressor as the independent variable and performance on a subsequent cognitive task as the dependent variable?
Which experiment involves exposure to a stressor as the independent variable and performance on a subsequent cognitive task as the dependent variable?
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In the experiment involving sleep-deprivation and retention of words, what is the independent variable?
In the experiment involving sleep-deprivation and retention of words, what is the independent variable?
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What is the predictor variable in the study aiming to determine if the amount of time individuals spend on social media platforms daily can predict their levels of well-being or symptoms of depression?
What is the predictor variable in the study aiming to determine if the amount of time individuals spend on social media platforms daily can predict their levels of well-being or symptoms of depression?
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What is the outcome variable in the study investigating if socioeconomic status during childhood can predict health outcomes in adulthood?
What is the outcome variable in the study investigating if socioeconomic status during childhood can predict health outcomes in adulthood?
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What type of information can be collected depending on the measurement scale used?
What type of information can be collected depending on the measurement scale used?
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In the study investigating if the amount of time students spend studying per week can predict their academic performance, what is the outcome variable?
In the study investigating if the amount of time students spend studying per week can predict their academic performance, what is the outcome variable?
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What is the predictor variable in the study aiming to determine if the frequency of physical exercise in older adults can predict their cognitive function?
What is the predictor variable in the study aiming to determine if the frequency of physical exercise in older adults can predict their cognitive function?
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Which type of research participant selection involves random assignment to groups?
Which type of research participant selection involves random assignment to groups?
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In the context of stress measurement, why are animal studies like rats and monkeys not considered representative for their species?
In the context of stress measurement, why are animal studies like rats and monkeys not considered representative for their species?
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What distinguishes theory-driven research from direct application research in the context of stress measurement?
What distinguishes theory-driven research from direct application research in the context of stress measurement?
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What is the significance of William Proxmire's question 'Why monkeys clench their teeth?' in the context of stress measurement?
What is the significance of William Proxmire's question 'Why monkeys clench their teeth?' in the context of stress measurement?
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In the context of stress measurement, what is an example of a relevant indicator for measuring stress in people who spend a lot of time with other people in small, closed spaces?
In the context of stress measurement, what is an example of a relevant indicator for measuring stress in people who spend a lot of time with other people in small, closed spaces?
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Study Notes
Scales of Measurement
- Ordinal scale: allows organizing observations in terms of intensity, but lacks units of measurement
- Interval scale: allows determining exact differences between observations, but lacks an absolute zero point
- Ratio scale: has an absolute zero point and allows measuring the total absence of the variable
Scales in Psychology
- In measuring psychological traits like anxiety and mood, interval scales are suitable
Measurement Scales
- Nominal scale: classifies objects into categories without units of measurement and doesn't allow ordering information
- Dependent variable: outcome or response being measured in an experiment
- Independent variable: factor being manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable
Experiments
- Experiment measuring exposure to a stressor: dependent variable is performance on a subsequent cognitive task, independent variable is exposure to a stressor
- Experiment measuring effects of caffeine: dependent variable is alertness
- Experiment involving sleep-deprivation and retention of words: independent variable is sleep-deprivation
Variables
- Predictor variable: in the study of social media use and well-being, it's the amount of time spent on social media
- Outcome variable: in the study of socioeconomic status and health outcomes, it's the health outcomes in adulthood
- In the study of studying time and academic performance, the outcome variable is academic performance
- In the study of physical exercise and cognitive function, the predictor variable is the frequency of physical exercise
Research Methodology
- Random assignment: a type of participant selection where participants are randomly assigned to groups
Stress Measurement
- Animal studies like rats and monkeys are not considered representative for their species because they are not directly applicable to humans
- Theory-driven research aims to understand a phenomenon, while direct application research aims to solve a practical problem
- William Proxmire's question 'Why monkeys clench their teeth?' highlights the importance of considering emotional states in stress measurement
- In measuring stress in people who spend a lot of time with others in small, closed spaces, a relevant indicator is the rate of infections or illnesses.
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Description
Learn about nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales of measurement in statistics. Understand the characteristics and examples of qualitative and quantitative data on each scale.
