18 Questions
What is the main characteristic of a nominal scale?
Names the categories of data
Which of the following best describes a nominal scale?
Used for variables that have mutually exclusive attributes
In which scenario would a nominal scale be suitable?
Classifying religious affiliations (Christian, Muslim, Jew)
What is the purpose of a nominal scale?
To identify categories of data with mutually exclusive attributes
Which of the following best defines a nominal scale in research?
Names categories of data without implying a ranking
When using a nominal scale, what attribute should the variables have?
Mutually exclusive attributes
Which temperature scale is given as an example of a level of measurement that has all the qualities of nominal, ordinal, and interval measures?
Celsius
What type of data is associated with a ratio scale?
Quantitative continuous data
Which scale has categorization, magnitude relationship, equal intervals, and an absolute zero point?
Ratio scale
What do binary scales consist of?
Two possible values
What type of data is measured using a Likert scale?
Ordinal data
Which temperature scale is specifically mentioned in the text for illustrating equal intervals between points?
Celsius
Which type of data is measured on a nominal scale?
Qualitative nominal
What is a characteristic of data measured on a nominal scale?
Categories are mutually exclusive
In terms of measurement scale notation, what does 'X5' represent?
The 5th measurement on variable X
Which graphical display is suitable for representing nominal scale data?
Pie chart
What is the appropriate measure of central tendency for nominal scale data?
Mode
When dealing with nominal data, what principle ensures that each observation belongs to only one category?
Mutual exclusivity
Study Notes
Scales of Measurement
- There are four scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Nominal/Categorical Scale
- Names categories of data, e.g. color frequency: black, brown, white
- Used for variables with mutually exclusive attributes
- Examples: religious affiliation, classification of environments
Ordinal Scales
- Measure rank-ordered data, e.g. ranking of students in a class
- Names categories of data and has a magnitude relationship (less than or greater than) between categories
- Does not show how much difference between categories, e.g. A, B, C
- Examples: sorting by size (small, medium, large), socioeconomic status (low, medium, high)
Interval Scale
- Measures values that are rank-ordered and equidistant between adjacent attributes
- Examples: temperature scale (Celsius or Fahrenheit), where the difference between 30 and 40°C is the same as between 80 and 90°C
- Has no absolute zero point
Ratio Scale
- Has all the qualities of nominal, ordinal, and interval measures
- Has an absolute zero point, where zero has a meaning
- Examples: distance, height, money
- Can be discrete (counting) or continuous (unit of measurement)
Binary Scales
- Nominal scales with binary items that assume one of two possible values, e.g. yes or no, true or false
Notation
- Symbols are used to represent variables, constants, operations, and relationships
- Examples: + for addition, = for equality, X for a variable with subscript, e.g. X5 for the score of person 5
Learn about the different types of measurement scales for statistical analysis, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Understand how these scales are used in research and data analysis.
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