Questions and Answers
Into what two broad classes can all matter be divided?
mixtures and pure substances
What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?
Mixtures can be separated by physical means; pure substances cannot be separated by physical means.
What is the difference between a compound and an element?
Compounds can be broken down by ordinary chemical means; elements cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.
Can a compound be a heterogeneous mixture?
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: gold
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: aluminum
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: water
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: sugar
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: oxygen
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: platinum
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: salt
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: chlorine
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Identify the following as a compound or an element: brass
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How can you tell the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: air
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: clay
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: homemade lemonade (with pulp)
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: oatmeal raisin cookies
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: finger paint
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: vinegar
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Identify the following as either homogeneous or heterogeneous: soil
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List three methods that are commonly used to separate mixtures into their component substances.
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Study Notes
Types of Matter Overview
- Matter can be divided into two main categories: mixtures and pure substances.
- Mixtures are combinations of substances that can be separated by physical methods, while pure substances cannot be physically separated.
Compounds vs. Elements
- Compounds are substances formed from two or more elements and can be broken down by ordinary chemical means.
- Elements are the simplest form of substances and cannot be broken down by chemical means.
Mixtures
- A heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition and can often be separated easily, whereas a homogeneous mixture has a uniform distribution and is more difficult to separate.
Categorization of Substances
- Gold, aluminum, oxygen, platinum, and chlorine are classified as elements.
- Water, sugar, salt, and brass are identified as compounds.
Characteristics of Mixtures
- Homogeneous mixtures appear uniform throughout; examples include air, clay, finger paint, and vinegar.
- Heterogeneous mixtures lack uniformity and include homemade lemonade with pulp, oatmeal raisin cookies, and soil.
Separation Techniques
- Common methods for separating mixtures include:
- Distillation: separates based on differing boiling points.
- Filtration: separates solids from liquids or gases using a filter.
- Crystallization: forms solid crystals from a solution as it evaporates.
Key Identifications
- Homogeneous: air, clay, finger paint, vinegar.
- Heterogeneous: homemade lemonade with pulp, oatmeal raisin cookies, soil.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different types of matter with these flashcards. Learn the distinctions between mixtures, pure substances, compounds, and elements. Perfect for students studying chemistry concepts.
