Types and Characteristics of Matter

Types of Matter

• Solid: Has a fixed shape and volume. Examples: rocks, books, chairs
• Liquid: Has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. Examples: water, oil, juice
• Gas: Has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. Examples: air, helium, oxygen

Characteristics of Matter

• Mass: The amount of matter in an object, measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg)
• Volume: The amount of space occupied by an object, measured in cubic centimeters (cm³) or liters (L)
• Density: The mass of an object per unit volume, measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)

Physical Properties of Matter

• Color: The appearance of an object when light is reflected or transmitted through it
• Odor: The smell of an object
• Texture: The feel of an object's surface
• Taste: The sensation of an object's flavor
• Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
• Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
• Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Changes in Matter

• Physical Change: A change in which the substance remains the same but its physical properties change, such as melting or boiling
• Chemical Change: A change in which the substance itself changes, such as burning or rusting

Examples of Changes in Matter

• Melting: Ice (solid) → Water (liquid)
• Boiling: Water (liquid) → Water Vapor (gas)
• Rusting: Iron (metal) → Iron Oxide (rust)
• Burning: Wood (solid) → Ash (solid) + Carbon Dioxide (gas)

Types of Matter

• Solids have a fixed shape and volume, with examples including rocks, books, and chairs.
• Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, with examples including water, oil, and juice.
• Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, with examples including air, helium, and oxygen.

Characteristics of Matter

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
• Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object, measured in cubic centimeters (cm³) or liters (L).
• Density is the mass of an object per unit volume, measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).

Physical Properties of Matter

• Color is the appearance of an object when light is reflected or transmitted through it.
• Odor is the smell of an object.
• Texture is the feel of an object's surface.
• Taste is the sensation of an object's flavor.
• Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
• Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.
• Melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

Changes in Matter

• Physical changes involve a change in physical properties, but the substance remains the same.
• Chemical changes involve a change in the substance itself.

Examples of Changes in Matter

• Melting involves a solid changing to a liquid, such as ice turning into water.
• Boiling involves a liquid changing to a gas, such as water turning into water vapor.
• Rusting involves iron changing to iron oxide, resulting in rust.
• Burning involves a solid changing to a solid and a gas, such as wood turning into ash and carbon dioxide.