Types of Immunization: Subunit, Polysaccharide, Conjugate & mRNA Vaccines

Types of immunization are an important part of preventive medicine, as they help protect against ail illnesses and diseases. This article discusses four types of immunization: subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines.

1. Subunit Vaccines: Subunit vaccines contain only pieces of the pathogens they protect against, such as specific proteins or viral particles . These vaccines can be created via genetic engineering or by isolating a specific protein from a pathogen and presenting it as an antigen on a carrier protein . The acellular pertussis vaccine and influenza vaccine (in shot form) are examples of subunit vaccines .

2. Polysaccharide Vaccines: Some vaccines to prevent bacterial infections are based on the polysaccharides, or sugars, that form the outer coating of many bacteria . The first licensed vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) was a polysaccharide vaccine, but it did not elicit strong immune responses in infants . Conjugate vaccines, which are a type of polysaccharide vaccine, have since improved protection by conjugating the polysaccharide to a protein antigen .

3. Conjugate Vaccines: Subunit and conjugate vaccines both contain only pieces of the pathogens they protect against . Conjugate vaccines are used to create a more powerful, combined immune response by chemically linked a piece of bacteria to a carrier protein . The piece of bacteria can't cause illness, but combined with a carrier protein, it can generate immunity against future infection .

4. Live-attenuated Vaccines: Some vaccines use a small, inactivated form of the pathogen to provoke an immune response . These vaccines are made using pieces from the coats of bacteria, which are chemically linked to a carrier protein, and the combination is used as a vaccine .

5. Messenger RNA (mRNA) Vaccines: mRNA vaccines are a more recent innovation in vaccine technology, which have the ability to generate an effective vaccine by targeting a specific protein from a pathogen .

6. Inactivated Vaccines: Some vaccines use a small, inactivated form of the pathogen to provoke an immune response . These vaccines are made using pieces from the coats of bacteria, which are chemically linked to a carrier protein, and the combination is used as a vaccine .

7. Live-attenuated Vaccines: Some vaccines use a small, inactivated form of the pathogen to provoke an immune response . These vaccines are made using pieces from the coats of bacteria, which are chemically linked to a carrier protein, and the combination is used as a vaccine .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

The six types of vaccine technologies are inactivated vaccines, recombinant vaccines, polysaccharide vaccines, conjugate vaccines, subunit vaccines, and Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines . Depending on the pathogen being targeted, different vaccine technologies are used to generate an effective vaccine . These vaccines can take on multiple forms, from needle injections and nasal sprays to oral doses . Understanding these different types of vaccines can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .

Vaccines are an important part of preventive medicine, and understanding the different types of immunization can help you and those you are in a group with to protect against ail illnesses and diseases. The development of vaccines has led to major advances in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, and researchers continue to investigate novel vaccine strategies for prevention of existing and future diseases .