15 Questions
What is the recommended course of action if an animal proves to be free of rabies?
Stop vaccination immediately
What is a potential means of transmission of rabies among family members and healthcare staff?
Non-bite exposure through saliva
What is the common denominator among all vaccines for human use against rabies?
They contain inactivated rabies virus
How long does immunity induced by the current rabies vaccines last?
For 2 years
What is the timeframe for inducing immunity through the current rabies vaccines?
7 days
What type of vaccine has been used to immunize animals when orally administered?
Recombinant viral vaccine
What is the rabies glycoprotein gene carried by in the vaccine?
Vaccinia virus
How is the vaccine administered to the animals?
Orally
What is the purpose of the vaccine?
To prevent rabies infection
What type of gene is carried by the vaccinia virus in the vaccine?
Rabies glycoprotein gene
What is the administration route of RIG in Post Exposure Prophylaxis?
Intramuscular and into the bite site
Who is recommended to receive pre-exposure vaccination?
Veterinarians, animal control and wildlife workers, and rabies laboratory workers
What is the combination of products used in Post Exposure Prophylaxis?
Human Rabies immunoglobulin + Rabies Vaccine
What is the purpose of Pre-exposure vaccination?
To prevent rabies in people at risk
What is the goal of Control measures in Rabies?
To prevent and control the spread of rabies
Study Notes
Vaccination Against Rabies
- Vaccination should start immediately if the animal is proven to be free of rabies.
Types of Vaccines
- All human-use vaccines contain inactivated rabies virus (fixed).
- Three types of vaccines are currently used:
- Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV): grown in human fibroblast cell lines, inactivated with β-propiolactone.
- Rabies Vaccine Adsorbed (RVA): grown in rhesus monkey foetal lung cell lines, inactivated with β-propiolactone, and adsorbed on aluminium phosphate.
- Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCEC): grown in chicken fibroblasts, inactivated with β-propiolactone.
Vaccine Characteristics
- The three vaccines induce immunity in 7 days, which lasts for 2 years.
Animal Vaccines
- A recombinant viral vaccine, consisting of vaccinia virus carrying the rabies glycoprotein gene, has successfully immunized animals when orally administered.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (Passive Active Immunization)
- Rabies Vaccine + Human Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) are administered.
- RIG is given into the bite site (as much as possible) and the remainder is given intramuscularly (IM).
Control Measures
- Pre-exposure vaccination is recommended for persons at risk, including:
- Veterinarians
- Animal control and wildlife workers
- Rabies laboratory workers
Understanding the importance of immediate vaccination to prevent the spread of rabies and the different types of vaccines used, including the Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV).
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