Types of Breeding Systems

Study Notes

Straight Breeding: Mating animals within the same breed, including methods such as purebred breeding, inbreeding, and grading up.
Purebred Breeding: Involves mating registered purebred males and females, eligible for registry with purebred associations. Example includes Angus x Angus pairings.
Inbreeding: Mating closely related animals to enhance genetic purity. Common types are:
- Close Breeding: Very closely related animals, e.g., mother-and-son pair.
- Line Breeding: More distantly related animals, e.g., cousin-to-cousin pair.
Grading Up: Process of mating purebred males to unregistered or crossbred females to elevate the quality of the herd.
Cross Breeding: Involves mating males and females of different breeds, often resulting in hybrid vigor. Example includes Yorkshire boar x Hampshire sow. Crossbreeding systems are categorized into terminal sire and rotational breeding.
Terminal Sire System: All offspring produced from breeding replacement females to the sire are sold, eliminating the need to keep any replacement females.
Rotational Breeding: Utilizes 2 to 4 different breeds for mating, requiring intensive management to maintain effective breeding practices.

Terminal Markets: Centralized public stockyards where livestock are consigned to firms that negotiate sales on behalf of sellers for a fee, acting as a middleman.
Auction Markets: Animals are sold to the highest bidder through public bidding processes.
Direct Selling: Farmers engage in selling directly to buyers, eliminating intermediaries and associated commission fees.
Electronic Marketing: Conducting auctions online, utilizing computers for livestock exchange.
Futures Market and Hedging: Involves legal contracts for future delivery of livestock, fixing prices for future transactions to mitigate risks.
Vertical Integration Contracts: Combines production and marketing of animals under a unified enterprise structure, enhancing efficiency and control.