Podcast
Questions and Answers
Of the six major classes of nutrients, which is the majority of body mass? Which is important of muscle growth? Which two are primary energy sources? Which is most likely to become toxic if fed in excess?
Of the six major classes of nutrients, which is the majority of body mass? Which is important of muscle growth? Which two are primary energy sources? Which is most likely to become toxic if fed in excess?
What is the difference in requirements for protein between ruminants and non-ruminants? What is the difference in requirements for vitamins?
What is the difference in requirements for protein between ruminants and non-ruminants? What is the difference in requirements for vitamins?
Ruminants: Most protein needs are supplied by the microbes. They produce vitamin B and K.
Non-ruminants: All protein needs are supplied by the diet. They must get all vitamins from their diet.
What are the three major types of digestive systems in livestock (excluding poultry)?
What are the three major types of digestive systems in livestock (excluding poultry)?
What is the major function of the small intestine? Of the large intestine?
What is the major function of the small intestine? Of the large intestine?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does the horse's need for protein differ from ruminants?
Why does the horse's need for protein differ from ruminants?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the major functions of the rumen?
What are the major functions of the rumen?
Signup and view all the answers
When converting the amount of dry matter feed to the amount of as-fed feed, the amount of dry matter should be larger.
When converting the amount of dry matter feed to the amount of as-fed feed, the amount of dry matter should be larger.
Signup and view all the answers
Will nutrient concentration (such as percent crude protein) be greater when expressed on a DM basis, or on an as-fed basis?
Will nutrient concentration (such as percent crude protein) be greater when expressed on a DM basis, or on an as-fed basis?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Major body mass nutrient
Major body mass nutrient
Water is the majority of body mass in livestock.
Muscle growth nutrient
Muscle growth nutrient
Protein is crucial for muscle development in animals.
Primary energy sources
Primary energy sources
Carbohydrates and fats are the primary energy sources for livestock.
Toxic nutrient in excess
Toxic nutrient in excess
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ruminant protein needs
Ruminant protein needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Non-ruminant protein needs
Non-ruminant protein needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ruminant vitamin needs
Ruminant vitamin needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Non ruminant vitamins
Non ruminant vitamins
Signup and view all the flashcards
Monogastric digestive system
Monogastric digestive system
Signup and view all the flashcards
Monogastric with functional Cecum
Monogastric with functional Cecum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ruminant digestive system
Ruminant digestive system
Signup and view all the flashcards
Small intestine function
Small intestine function
Signup and view all the flashcards
Large intestine function
Large intestine function
Signup and view all the flashcards
Horse protein needs
Horse protein needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rumen function
Rumen function
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dry Matter (DM)
Dry Matter (DM)
Signup and view all the flashcards
As-fed feed
As-fed feed
Signup and view all the flashcards
DM vs. As-fed concentration
DM vs. As-fed concentration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Crude fiber and crude protein
Crude fiber and crude protein
Signup and view all the flashcards
Feed value comparison
Feed value comparison
Signup and view all the flashcards
Factors affecting nutrient needs
Factors affecting nutrient needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
High nutrient needs
High nutrient needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Yearly nutrient needs
Yearly nutrient needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Variable nutrient feeds
Variable nutrient feeds
Signup and view all the flashcards
Limiting Feed Factors
Limiting Feed Factors
Signup and view all the flashcards
Maintenance consumption
Maintenance consumption
Signup and view all the flashcards
Phase feeding
Phase feeding
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Nutrition and Breeding & Genetics
- Review glossaries in the textbook
- Water is the most important nutrient; carbohydrates and fats provide energy, proteins build muscle mass, and vitamins and minerals can be toxic in excess if fed too much
Nutrient Requirements
- Ruminants obtain most protein from microbes; non-ruminants obtain all protein from their diet.
- Ruminants and non-ruminants have different vitamin requirements.
- Three major livestock digestive systems are monogastric (simple stomach), monogastric with a functional cecum, and ruminant (polygastric - 4 compartments).
Digestive Systems
- The small intestine absorbs nutrients and breaks down amino acids.
- The large intestine absorbs water and stores undigested food.
- Horses have different protein needs compared to ruminants due to hindgut fermentation after protein absorption.
- The rumen has functions of breaking down cellulose and producing volatile fatty acids, aiding in fermentation
Other Notes
- Dry matter is always greater than as-fed when comparing feed value..
- Crude fiber increases as crude protein decreases.
- Animal size, stage of production and performance affect nutrient needs.
- Lactation stage has higher nutrient requirements.
- High moisture feeds have variable nutrient content.
- Palatability, potential digestive problems, and handling are limiting factors in rations.
- Normal maintenance consumption is 2-3% of body weight.
- Phase feeding is changing rations every couple weeks to meet changing nutrient needs.
- Reproduction is crucial for economic importance.
- Males produce semen, locate females, and serve them.
- Testes produce testosterone and sperm: the epididymis stores sperm and the scrotum protects the testes.
- Accessory sex glands add fluid and nutrients to the semen.
- Females deliver eggs for fertilization, and have oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina involved in the process.
- Different species have different uterine anatomy.
- Standing heat is when a female allows mating.
- The follicle (on the ovary), releases estrogen.
- The CL (corpus luteum) produces progesterone and aids in pregnancy.
- Prostaglandins cause a change in the CL, leading to pregnancy or further cycle.
Additional Questions / Data
- Converting dry matter to as-fed : dry matter is always bigger
- Nutrient concentration is greater on DM basis.
- Three factors affecting nutrient needs are size, production stage, and performance.
- Seasonal cattle nutrient changes
- "Limiting factors" of feedstuff in rations include palatability, potential digestive, and handling difficulties.
- Normal maintenance consumption for most livestock is approximately 2-3% of body weight
- The type of digestive system is important as a factor affecting nutrient needs
- Other important considerations include Expected average daily gain, and what feedstuffs are available.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of nutrition, breeding, and genetics in livestock. Understand the digestive systems of ruminants and non-ruminants, vitamin requirements, and protein sources. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of nutrient requirements and how they vary among different species.
