12 Questions
What type of bond results from electrostatic attraction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom that is bonded covalently to a second electronegative atom?
Hydrogen Bond
Which system is activated upon stimulation of the receptor and produces multiple stimulations of other receptors and/or multiple secondary effects?
Second Messenger System
What term describes the maximal response produced by a drug and depends on the number of drug-receptor complexes found?
Efficacy
What is the measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce a therapeutic response?
Potency
In the context provided, what term describes a drug that is more effective in alleviating pain than another drug?
Both Effective and Potent
If it takes 1 gram of Paracetamol to help alleviate pain from one patient but only takes 200mg of Celecoxib to alleviate pain, which term best describes Celecoxib?
Both Effective and Potent
What is the difference between Celecoxib and Paracetamol in terms of potency?
Celecoxib is more potent than Paracetamol
In what condition did a patient die after taking 75 Tablets of Paracetamol 500mg?
All of the above
What does it mean when Paracetamol is given every 4 hours?
Paracetamol in the blood is below MEC after 4 hours
Which process involves the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the systemic circulation?
Absorption
Which process involves the irreversible removal of a drug from the body?
Elimination
In the context of medicine administration, where would a thigh injection typically be given?
Vastus Lateralis
Study Notes
Types of Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds result from electrostatic attraction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded covalently to a second electronegative atom.
- Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and van der Waals forces are other types of bonds produced by the ligand-receptor relationship.
Pharmacology
- The maximal response produced by a drug depends on the number of drug-receptor complexes formed and is referred to as efficacy.
- Potency is a measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce a therapeutic response; the lower the amount of drug needed, the greater the potency.
- Effective and potent can be used interchangeably, but effective refers to the maximum response, and potent refers to the dose required to achieve that response.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
- Absorption is the process of drug movement from its site of administration into the systemic circulation.
- Distribution is the movement of the drug from the systemic circulation to its target site of action.
- Metabolism is any alteration or change to the chemical structure of the drug molecule by the body.
- Elimination is the irreversible removal of the drug from the body.
- First-order rate and zero-order rate are types of rate processes seen in pharmacokinetic graphs.
Administration Routes
- Suppositories are medicines inserted into the vagina or rectum.
- Thigh injection sites include Vastus Intermedius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, and Sartorius.
- Transdermal patches are medicine preparations illustrated in the image.
Patient Care
- As a nurse, it is essential to explain the consequences of a patient's action, inform the doctor, and inform your supervisor if the patient refuses treatment.
Test your knowledge on various types of bonds that are produced by ligand-receptor relationships, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonding, covalent bonds, and van der Waals forces. Learn about the characteristics and importance of each type of bond in molecular interactions.
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