Types and Parts of Maps

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Questions and Answers

What does a contour line on a topographic map represent?

The distribution of geological features

Paths of ocean currents

Points of equal elevation (correct)

Locations of natural resources

What is the purpose of a geologic map?

To illustrate changes in population density

To display the types and arrangement of rocks (correct)

To chart meteorological data

To show political boundaries

What type of data does Landsat satellites gather?

Audio signals from the Earth’s surface

Magnetic field strength data

Ocean temperatures only

Reflected wavelengths of visible light and infrared radiation (correct)

What technology does the OSTM/Jason-2 satellite employ to measure sea surface height?

Radar Signup and view all the answers

How does remote sensing contribute to environmental studies?

By detecting pollution and monitoring natural changes Signup and view all the answers

What is a contour interval in the context of topographic maps?

The distance between contour lines Signup and view all the answers

What is a major use of GPS technology?

To navigate airplanes and ships Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about SeaBeam technology is true?

It sends sound waves to map the ocean floor. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the chemical behavior of elements?

Number of valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding elements with full outermost energy levels?

They do not combine easily with other elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a covalent bond?

Attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons Signup and view all the answers

How is an ionic bond formed?

Through the attraction between oppositely charged ions Signup and view all the answers

In metallic bonding, what facilitates the bond between metal ions?

Attraction to free-moving negative electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the properties of compounds?

Compounds exhibit properties that differ from the individual elements Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond?

Sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains an electron Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Geographic Information System (GIS) is true?

GIS uses a global database to create themes of information. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes an element?

All elements consist of the same type of atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes isotopes of an element from each other?

They have different mass numbers due to varying neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to GIS layers when the original information is modified?

They are updated accordingly. Signup and view all the answers

In atomic structure, what is the mass number of an atom derived from?

The number of protons plus neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What role do neutrons play in the composition of an atom?

They impact the mass number but have no charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the atom is responsible for its positive charge?

Protons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes matter?

Matter is anything that has volume and mass. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to solids when they absorb enough thermal energy?

They turn into liquids at the melting point. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do gases possess regarding volume?

Gases can occupy a definite volume when restrained. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a liquid changes into a gas?

Vaporization Signup and view all the answers

At what point do liquids solidify when cooled?

At the freezing point. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about crystalline solids?

Their particles are arranged in regular geometric patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of condensation?

A gas releases thermal energy and becomes a liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What type of matter is referred to as plasma?

A hot, highly ionized gas with a definite volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason solids maintain a definite shape?

Their particles are tightly packed and held in a fixed arrangement. Signup and view all the answers

What does fractional crystallization refer to in the context of magma cooling?

The sequence in which minerals crystallize based on their melting points. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock forms when magma cools and crystallizes below Earth's surface?

Intrusive rocks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes granitic rocks?

They have high silica content and are light-colored. Signup and view all the answers

What is volcanic glass formed from?

Lava that cools too quickly for crystallization. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes basaltic rocks from granitic rocks?

Basaltic rocks are darker and lower in silica content. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of magma cooling slowly below Earth's surface?

Development of large crystals greater than 1 cm. Signup and view all the answers

Where are valuable ore deposits most likely to be found?

Inside igneous intrusions and as veins in surrounding rocks. Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is predominantly found in granitic rocks?

Quartz Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Maps

A contour line connects points of equal elevation on a topographic map.
The difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the contour interval.
A geologic map shows the distribution, arrangement, and type of rocks located below the soil.
Geologic maps may also show geologic features such as fault lines.

Parts of a Map

Remote sensing is the process of gathering data about Earth using instruments mounted on satellites, airplanes, or ships.
Landsat satellites record reflected wavelengths of visible light and infrared radiation from Earth’s surface, and then computers convert the information into digital images.
Landsat data are used to study pollution, the movements of Earth's plates, and the melting of glaciers and ice caps.
The OSTM/Jason-2 satellite uses radar to measure and map sea surface height.
Radar uses high-frequency signals that are transmitted from the satellite to the surface of the ocean.
A receiving device then picks up the returning echo as it is reflected off the water.
SeaBeam uses sound waves sent from a ship toward the ocean floor.
A receiving device picks up the returning echo when it bounces off the seafloor.

The Global Positioning System

GPS technology is used extensively in navigation by airplanes and ships.
GPS receivers help people in everyday life to find a destination or determine their current location.

The Geographic Information System

The Geographic Information System (GIS) uses a worldwide database to create layers, or “themes,” of information that can be placed one on top of the other to create a comprehensive map.
GIS map layers remain linked to the original information, so if the original information changes, the GIS layers also change.
The result is a map that is always up-to-date.

Atoms

Matter is anything that has volume and mass.
All matter is made of substances called elements.
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
Elements are made up of atoms.

Atoms (cont'd)

All atoms consist of smaller particles—protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The center of an atom is called the nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons.
A proton is a tiny particle that has mass and a positive electric charge.
A neutron is a tiny particle with approximately the same mass as a proton, but it has no electrical charge.
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is its atomic number.
The sum of the protons and the neutrons in an atom’s nucleus is its mass number.

Isotopes

All atoms of an element have the same number of protons.
The number of neutrons of an element’s atoms can vary.
Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers are called isotopes.
The atomic mass of an element is the average of the mass numbers of an element’s isotopes.

Electrons in Energy Levels

The electrons in the outermost energy level, called valence electrons, determine the chemical behavior of the different elements.
Elements with the same number of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.
Elements that have full outermost energy levels are highly unreactive, which means that they do not combine easily with other elements.

Compounds

A compound is a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.
Compounds have different properties from the elements of which they are composed.

Covalent Bonds

A chemical bond is the force that holds together the elements in a compound.
The attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons that holds the atoms together is called a covalent bond.

Ionic Bonds

An ionic bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Metallic Bonding

In a metallic bond, the positive ions of the metal are held together by the attraction to the negative electrons moving among them.

States of Matter

Solids have a definite shape and volume.
Solids are crystalline structures because the particles of a solid are arranged in regular geometric patterns.
Solids melt when they absorb enough thermal energy to cause their orderly internal crystalline arrangement to break down.
Liquids take the shape of the container they are placed in, but they have a definite volume.
Liquids solidify at the same temperature they melt (freezing point).
When a liquid is heated to the boiling point and absorbs enough thermal energy, vaporization occurs, and the liquid becomes a gas.
Gases have no definite shape or volume unless they are restrained by a container or a force such as gravity.
When a gas is cooled to the boiling point, it releases thermal energy and becomes a liquid (condensation).

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Bowen discovered two main patterns, or branches, of crystallization.

Fractional Crystallization

When magma cools, the first minerals that crystallize are the last minerals that melted during partial melting. This process is called fractional crystallization.

Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks are classified by their mineral compositions.
Basaltic rocks (mafic rocks) are dark-colored, have lower silica contents, and contain mostly plagioclase and pyroxene.
Granitic rocks (felsic rocks) are light-colored, have high silica contents, and contain mostly quartz and feldspar.

Texture

When lava cools so quickly that crystals do not form, volcanic glass is the result.
When magma cools slowly below Earth’s surface, there is sufficient time for large crystals to form.
Intrusive rocks can contain crystals larger than 1 cm.

Igneous Rocks as Resources

Valuable ore deposits often occur within igneous intrusions.
Valuable ore deposits may also occur as veins in the rocks surrounding intrusions.

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Description

This quiz covers the various types of maps, including topographic and geologic maps, as well as the essential components that make up a map. Learn about contour lines, contour intervals, and remote sensing technologies such as Landsat satellites. Test your knowledge on how these tools help in understanding Earth's features.