Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves antibodies that react with antigens on cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves antibodies that react with antigens on cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix?
In Type II hypersensitivity reaction, what is the main mechanism of destruction that involves the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC)?
In Type II hypersensitivity reaction, what is the main mechanism of destruction that involves the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC)?
What is the role of IgG and IgM in Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
What is the role of IgG and IgM in Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Which condition is associated with Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Which condition is associated with Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
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In Type II hypersensitivity, which immune effector of the complement terminal pathway is involved in forming the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
In Type II hypersensitivity, which immune effector of the complement terminal pathway is involved in forming the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
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Which of the following is NOT a main mechanism in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a main mechanism in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves mainly T cells and not antibodies?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves mainly T cells and not antibodies?
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What is the clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus?
What is the clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus?
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In which hypersensitivity reaction does macrophages/monocytes cause the damage with the help of CD4 T cells?
In which hypersensitivity reaction does macrophages/monocytes cause the damage with the help of CD4 T cells?
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Which type of reaction involves the deposition of immune complexes and activation of complement leading to a local vasculitis?
Which type of reaction involves the deposition of immune complexes and activation of complement leading to a local vasculitis?
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Which cell type is responsible for direct cell cytotoxicity in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
Which cell type is responsible for direct cell cytotoxicity in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which molecule plays a role in increasing phagocytosis by activating macrophages in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
Which molecule plays a role in increasing phagocytosis by activating macrophages in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the immune system mistakenly attacking self antigens?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the immune system mistakenly attacking self antigens?
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What is a common characteristic of autoimmune diseases?
What is a common characteristic of autoimmune diseases?
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Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the immune system attacking one's own organs?
Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the immune system attacking one's own organs?
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What may trigger the immune system to produce antibodies that attack the body's tissues in autoimmune diseases?
What may trigger the immune system to produce antibodies that attack the body's tissues in autoimmune diseases?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential factor contributing to autoimmune diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a potential factor contributing to autoimmune diseases?
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What is a key difference between Type IV hypersensitivity reactions and Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
What is a key difference between Type IV hypersensitivity reactions and Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
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What are common symptoms of Graves' disease?
What are common symptoms of Graves' disease?
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Which autoimmune disease involves antibodies attacking the thyroid gland?
Which autoimmune disease involves antibodies attacking the thyroid gland?
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What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
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How does Myasthenia gravis affect muscle function?
How does Myasthenia gravis affect muscle function?
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What is the main medicine used to treat Myasthenia gravis?
What is the main medicine used to treat Myasthenia gravis?
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How is vasculitis treated?
How is vasculitis treated?
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What autoimmune disease is characterized by the immune system attacking the nerves controlling muscles in the legs and sometimes the arms and upper body?
What autoimmune disease is characterized by the immune system attacking the nerves controlling muscles in the legs and sometimes the arms and upper body?
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Which autoimmune disease results in skin cells reproducing rapidly, leading to silvery, scaly plaques on the skin?
Which autoimmune disease results in skin cells reproducing rapidly, leading to silvery, scaly plaques on the skin?
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In which autoimmune disease does the immune system produce antibodies that cause excess release of thyroid hormone?
In which autoimmune disease does the immune system produce antibodies that cause excess release of thyroid hormone?
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Which factor is not listed as a genetic risk factor for autoimmune diseases in the provided text?
Which factor is not listed as a genetic risk factor for autoimmune diseases in the provided text?
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Which autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas?
Which autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas?
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What environmental factor is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases based on the information provided?
What environmental factor is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases based on the information provided?
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Study Notes
Immune Complexes
- Immune complexes form in circulation or in situ
- Can be generalized (systemic) or localized
Type III: Immune Complex-Mediated Clinical Examples
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, affecting skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs
- Arthus reaction: local vasculitis associated with deposition of immune complexes and activation of complement
Type IV Hypersensitivity
- Delayed type or cell-mediated
- Reactions involve mainly T cells
- T cells release lymphokines and mediate cytotoxicity
- Inflammation and tissue damage occur with T cell action
Type IV Hypersensitivity: T Cell Subtypes
- CD4 T cells (Helper T cells): delayed hypersensitivity, interact with macrophages/monocytes
- CD8 T cells (Cytotoxic T cells): direct cell cytotoxicity
- Cytokines: IFN-γ (macrophage activation), IL-1 (lymphocyte-activating factor), TNFα (pro-inflammatory agent)
Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction
- Antibody-mediated/cytotoxic type
- Antibodies react with antigens on cell surfaces or in extracellular matrix, causing disease by cell destruction, inflammation, or functional interference
- Antigenic determinants: intrinsic or exogenous
Type II: Antibody-Mediated (Cytotoxic Type)
- Reaction involves IgG and IgM binding to antigens on target cell surfaces, leading to phagocytosis or lysis by complement activation
- 3 main mechanisms:
- Antibody and complement-mediated destruction
- Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
- Opsonization and phagocytosis
Clinical Examples of Type II Hypersensitivity
- Blood transfusion reactions
- Erythroblastosis fetalis
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune Diseases
- Condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body
- Destruction of self-antigens by the immune system
- Genetic and environmental factors contribute to susceptibility
- Common in females
Examples of Autoimmune Diseases
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Sjogren syndrome
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Multiple sclerosis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Immunodeficiency syndromes
Factors Contributing to Autoimmune Diseases
- Genetic factors: HLA-A, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA
- Environmental factors: Epstein-Barr virus infection, smoking, sun exposure
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Description
Test your knowledge on Type II hypersensitivity reaction, which involves the production of IgG antibodies that react with antigens on cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix. Learn about the mechanism where antibodies cause disease by destroying cells, triggering inflammation, or interfering with normal functions.
