29 Questions
What is the primary use of rapid-acting insulins?
To control postprandial glucose levels
What is the duration of action of Protamine-Zinc insulin?
24-30 hours
How is NPH insulin typically used in diabetes management?
For basal control in type 1 or 2 diabetes, along with rapid- or short-acting insulin for mealtime control
What is the characteristic of insulin glargine?
It forms a precipitate at the injection site, releasing insulin over an extended period
When should regular insulin be injected subcutaneously?
30 minutes before a meal
What is the primary difference between insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine and regular insulin?
Faster onset and shorter duration of action
What is the route of administration for NPH insulin?
Subcutaneous (SC)
What is the effect of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetics if left untreated?
Ketoacidosis
What is the primary mechanism by which insulin regulates blood glucose levels?
By increasing the activity of glucose transporters in cells
What is the name of the hormone that is produced along with insulin during proteolytic cleavage?
C-peptide
What is the effect of insulin on glucose in the body?
Causes glucose to be taken up into the tissues, where it is converted into energy, stored as liver glycogen and fat, or used to generate metabolic energy
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes has an absolute deficiency of insulin, while type 2 diabetes has some β-cell function
What is the primary treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)?
Insulin therapy
What is the name of the bacterium used to produce human insulin through recombinant DNA technology?
Escherichia coli
What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fat in the body, which is a side effect of insulin therapy?
Lipodystrophy
What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
Absolute deficiency of insulin due to destruction of β cells
What is the function of insulin in the body?
Stimulate the uptake of glucose by the tissues and convert glucose to glycogen in the liver
Why is it recommended to store insulin at room temperature (20°-25°C) before injection?
To make it less painful
What is the duration of the effect of a particular medication?
24 hours
What is the result of canagliflozin on glucose in the body?
Decrease glucose reabsorption
What is unique about insulin compared to other endocrine hormones?
It is the only hormone that is hypoglycemic
What is the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on incretin hormones?
Inactivate them
Why should insulin not be heated above 37°C?
It loses potency
What happens to opened insulin bottles after 30 days?
They may not be sterile, and microbes may grow
What is the mechanism of action of α-glucosidase inhibitors?
Inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes
What is the action of DPP-4 inhibitors on insulin secretion?
Do not affect insulin secretion
What is the action of thiazolidinediones on insulin release?
Do not promote insulin release
What is the action of metformin on glucose release from the liver?
Reduce glucose release
What is the effect of glinides on insulin secretion?
Stimulate insulin secretion
Test your knowledge of Type 1 Diabetes, its causes, symptoms, and treatment with insulin. Learn about the autoimmune-mediated processes that lead to β-cell destruction and the resulting insulin deficiency.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
