Type 1 Diabetes and Pancreas Pharmacology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of rapid-acting insulins?

  • For basal control in type 1 diabetes
  • To control postprandial glucose levels (correct)
  • To treat diabetic ketoacidosis
  • To mimic the fasting release of insulin

What is the duration of action of Protamine-Zinc insulin?

  • 3-6 hours
  • 6-8 hours
  • 24-30 hours (correct)
  • 12-18 hours

How is NPH insulin typically used in diabetes management?

  • For basal control in type 2 diabetes
  • For mealtime control in type 1 diabetes
  • For postprandial glucose control in type 2 diabetes
  • For basal control in type 1 or 2 diabetes, along with rapid- or short-acting insulin for mealtime control (correct)

What is the characteristic of insulin glargine?

<p>It forms a precipitate at the injection site, releasing insulin over an extended period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should regular insulin be injected subcutaneously?

<p>30 minutes before a meal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine and regular insulin?

<p>Faster onset and shorter duration of action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for NPH insulin?

<p>Subcutaneous (SC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetics if left untreated?

<p>Ketoacidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which insulin regulates blood glucose levels?

<p>By increasing the activity of glucose transporters in cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that is produced along with insulin during proteolytic cleavage?

<p>C-peptide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glucose in the body?

<p>Causes glucose to be taken up into the tissues, where it is converted into energy, stored as liver glycogen and fat, or used to generate metabolic energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

<p>Type 1 diabetes has an absolute deficiency of insulin, while type 2 diabetes has some β-cell function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)?

<p>Insulin therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium used to produce human insulin through recombinant DNA technology?

<p>Escherichia coli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fat in the body, which is a side effect of insulin therapy?

<p>Lipodystrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

<p>Absolute deficiency of insulin due to destruction of β cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insulin in the body?

<p>Stimulate the uptake of glucose by the tissues and convert glucose to glycogen in the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to store insulin at room temperature (20°-25°C) before injection?

<p>To make it less painful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the effect of a particular medication?

<p>24 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of canagliflozin on glucose in the body?

<p>Decrease glucose reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about insulin compared to other endocrine hormones?

<p>It is the only hormone that is hypoglycemic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on incretin hormones?

<p>Inactivate them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should insulin not be heated above 37°C?

<p>It loses potency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to opened insulin bottles after 30 days?

<p>They may not be sterile, and microbes may grow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of α-glucosidase inhibitors?

<p>Inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of DPP-4 inhibitors on insulin secretion?

<p>Do not affect insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of thiazolidinediones on insulin release?

<p>Do not promote insulin release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of metformin on glucose release from the liver?

<p>Reduce glucose release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glinides on insulin secretion?

<p>Stimulate insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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