Type 1 Diabetes and Pancreas Pharmacology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of rapid-acting insulins?

  • For basal control in type 1 diabetes
  • To control postprandial glucose levels (correct)
  • To treat diabetic ketoacidosis
  • To mimic the fasting release of insulin

    • What is the duration of action of Protamine-Zinc insulin?

  • 3-6 hours
  • 6-8 hours
  • 24-30 hours (correct)
  • 12-18 hours

    • How is NPH insulin typically used in diabetes management?

  • For basal control in type 2 diabetes
  • For mealtime control in type 1 diabetes
  • For postprandial glucose control in type 2 diabetes
  • For basal control in type 1 or 2 diabetes, along with rapid- or short-acting insulin for mealtime control (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of insulin glargine?

    <p>It forms a precipitate at the injection site, releasing insulin over an extended period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should regular insulin be injected subcutaneously?

    <p>30 minutes before a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine and regular insulin?

    <p>Faster onset and shorter duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for NPH insulin?

    <p>Subcutaneous (SC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetics if left untreated?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which insulin regulates blood glucose levels?

    <p>By increasing the activity of glucose transporters in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone that is produced along with insulin during proteolytic cleavage?

    <p>C-peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glucose in the body?

    <p>Causes glucose to be taken up into the tissues, where it is converted into energy, stored as liver glycogen and fat, or used to generate metabolic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes has an absolute deficiency of insulin, while type 2 diabetes has some β-cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)?

    <p>Insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium used to produce human insulin through recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fat in the body, which is a side effect of insulin therapy?

    <p>Lipodystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Absolute deficiency of insulin due to destruction of β cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of insulin in the body?

    <p>Stimulate the uptake of glucose by the tissues and convert glucose to glycogen in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to store insulin at room temperature (20°-25°C) before injection?

    <p>To make it less painful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the effect of a particular medication?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of canagliflozin on glucose in the body?

    <p>Decrease glucose reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about insulin compared to other endocrine hormones?

    <p>It is the only hormone that is hypoglycemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on incretin hormones?

    <p>Inactivate them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should insulin not be heated above 37°C?

    <p>It loses potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to opened insulin bottles after 30 days?

    <p>They may not be sterile, and microbes may grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of α-glucosidase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of DPP-4 inhibitors on insulin secretion?

    <p>Do not affect insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of thiazolidinediones on insulin release?

    <p>Do not promote insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of metformin on glucose release from the liver?

    <p>Reduce glucose release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glinides on insulin secretion?

    <p>Stimulate insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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