Tuberculosis Overview

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Questions and Answers

Qual media de cultura ha un duration de 1-6 septimanas?

Ogawa (correct)
Middlebrook
Novum cultural
Lowenstein-Jensen

Quales de le sequente es considerado como un medicamento de prime line pro tuberculose?

Kanamycin
Amikacin
Rifampicin (correct)
Capreomycin

Quo significa un chancre in le contextu de tuberculosis?

Un inflammation general del corpore
Un lesione dolorose
Un lesione solitarie e indolore (correct)
Un eruption cutanee massive

Quo sucede in le stadio primari post-infection in tuberculosis?

Aggregatio de lymphocytes e macrophages (A) Signup and view all the answers

Qual medicamento es recommendate pro le tuberculose resistant multidemonstrative (MDR-TB)?

Second line drugs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quo indica un lesion con bordos elevate e ben definite?

Le apparente de un chancre (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente es un caracteristica de le resposta immune a tuberculosis?

Produzione de antibodies post 1-4 septimanas (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quale description corresponde a le infettion tuberculosis?

Infectante del pulmone (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quo causara un reinfection in un host previamente sensibilisate?

Reactuation de infection latent (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quande apare un tuberculosis secundari post infection primaria?

Post infection quando le resistencia del host es debilitate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Ubi se trova le lesion in tuberculosis secundari?

Apex del partes superior del lunges (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale del sequente non es un metodo laboratorial pro diagnosticare tuberculosis?

Examina visiva del lunges (B) Signup and view all the answers

Que indica le cultura on media solid pro M.tuberculosis?

Crescita post 6 settimane (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quale es le signification del 'caseation' in lymph nodes?

Formation de tubercles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quale statement es ver in relation al lymph nodes in tuberculosis secundari?

Illes es meno prominente que in tuberculosis primaria (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quale symptom es typice pro le tuberculosis pulmonari?

Cavitation in le apices del lunges (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le numero estimat de personas que es affectat per le tuberculose globalmente?

Plus de 1 billion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quoties novos casos de tuberculose es reportate cata anno?

8.7 milliones (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quanti mortes annual es causate per le tuberculose?

1.4 milliones (A) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le percentuale de reduction de mortes per tuberculose compare a 1990?

41% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quo describe le manifestation de tuberculose primari in personas san?

Asymptomatic con febre ocasional (A) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le taxa de reduction de novos casos de tuberculose globale inter 2010 e 2011?

2.2% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual patogenes es un exemplo de infeccione bacteriana?

Tuberculose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le major defecte local que pote llevar a un infection microbiale in le cute?

Defectos mechanic (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quales son le componentes del virus Epstein-Barr?

Core de DNA e capsula proteica (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quanti temporos le symptomas de infeccione EBV tipicamente dura?

2 – 4 semanas (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quale symptomate persiste per plures menses post infeccione EBV?

Fatiga (B) Signup and view all the answers

Que implica un infection chronic activ de EBV?

Degradation del immunitate cellular (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quid acontece con le provirus in un infection EBV?

Non exprime tote le genes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quale statement describe le 'latency' de EBV?

Le DNA del virus se integra in le DNA del host. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale es le resultato si le polymerase viral non copia le genome viral?

Incapacitates de replicar le virus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale cellulas es typicmente infectate per le virus Epstein-Barr?

Cellulas B (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale componente principal del antigeno VDRL responde principalmente?

0.03% cardiolipin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quo test es considerato como le standard pro tests treponemal?

TPI test (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quale agente patogen es associato con le strain pathologic de T. pallidum?

Strain de Nichol (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale test usa un principio de flocculation?

VDRL test (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale test es il melio pro evaluar le therapia in le CSF?

TPI test (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quo significa un resultat 'non-reactive' in le VDRL test?

Non clumps detectate (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quo representa una reactivitate debile in le test VDRL?

Small clumps (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quale diagnosis poterea provocar un fals positive in le test VDRL?

Pregnancy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale factor augmenta le concentration del organismo in un test fluorescent?

Elevate fluorescence (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quo significante es le agitation durante le test VDRL?

Producir particulas (A) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) affects more than 1 billion individuals worldwide.
8.7 million new cases are reported annually.
1.4 million deaths are attributed to TB each year.
Progress toward reducing TB cases has been significant.
Between 2010 and 2011, new cases fell at a rate of 2.2% globally compared to 1990.
Mortality has decreased by 41% globally since 1990.
Primary tuberculosis is generally asymptomatic in healthy individuals.
Secondary tuberculosis typically results from reactivation of a latent infection and often involves the apex of the upper lobes of one or both lungs.
Diagnostic methods include acid-fast smears, cultures, and PCR amplification of M. tuberculosis DNA.
Culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis as it enables drug susceptibility testing.
Treatment involves a combination of drugs like rifampicin and isoniazid for first-line therapy and amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin for second-line therapy.
Second-line drugs are used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains.

Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum.
The disease progresses through stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
During the primary stage, a painless chancre develops at the site of infection within 10-90 days post-infection.
Antibodies are produced 1-4 weeks after the appearance of the chancre.
The secondary stage is marked by a rash, fever, and fatigue.
Tertiary syphilis can lead to damage to the heart, brain, and other organs.
Diagnostic tests include VDRL, RPR, FTA-Abs, TPI, and DNA probe tests.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

EBV is a DNA virus known to cause infectious mononucleosis.
EBV infection occurs in B lymphocytes and epithelial cells.
The virus can remain latent in the host's cells after initial infection.
During latency, the virus does not express all genes, leading to incomplete viral antigen production.
For viral replication to occur, the viral DNA polymerase must copy the viral genome.
Persistent EBV infection is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems.
EBV infection can progress to chronic active infection in some individuals, leading to life-threatening symptoms associated with infectious mononucleosis.

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