Tuberculosis Overview and Prevention
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What is the primary method through which tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted?

  • Consumption of contaminated food
  • Aerosolization (airborne route) (correct)
  • Transfer through bodily fluids
  • Direct contact with infected surfaces

    • Which of the following symptoms may indicate the presence of active tuberculosis?

  • Persistent cough and weight loss (correct)
  • Decreased sensitivity to cold
  • Consistency in sleep patterns
  • Increased appetite and energy

    • What is the approximate infection rate of tuberculosis in the United States?

  • 0.4/100,000
  • 5.0/100,000
  • 2.2/100,000 (correct)
  • 1.1/100,000

    • How long can the TB bacillus remain dormant before potentially causing disease?

    <p>Several years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be screened yearly for tuberculosis, according to high-risk recommendations?

    <p>Family members of TB patients and high-risk individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor increases the likelihood of developing tuberculosis related to living conditions?

    <p>Residing in a poorly ventilated, crowded environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor associated with socioeconomic status is a risk factor for tuberculosis?

    <p>Lower socioeconomic status and without housing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health condition is NOT considered a risk factor for tuberculosis?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk factor related to demographics for tuberculosis?

    <p>Advanced age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recent travel to which of the following areas is a risk factor for tuberculosis?

    <p>Areas where TB is endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with tuberculosis according to expected findings?

    <p>Persistent cough lasting longer than 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atypical findings might older adults present when suffering from tuberculosis?

    <p>Unusual behavior and lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with tuberculosis?

    <p>Severe skin rashes and itchiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characterized by the presence of purulent sputum when diagnosing tuberculosis?

    <p>Blood-streaked or rust-colored sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of symptoms is indicative of active tuberculosis in older adults?

    <p>Altered mentation, weight loss, and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of nucleic acid amplification testing for tuberculosis?

    <p>It detects rifampin resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test?

    <p>To determine if a person has been exposed to TB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is essential when obtaining sputum samples for TB testing?

    <p>Obtain samples in a negative airflow room.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive acid-fast bacilli smear indicate in TB testing?

    <p>An active tuberculosis infection may be present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of the results from interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs)?

    <p>They are preferred for individuals vaccinated with BCG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diameter of induration is considered positive for clients at high risk for TB?

    <p>5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could lead to a false-positive Mantoux test result?

    <p>Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after a Mantoux test should the injection site be read?

    <p>48 to 72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response can immunocompromised clients exhibit in a Mantoux test?

    <p>Anergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Induration of what size is considered positive for individuals with risk factors for TB?

    <p>15 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about latent TB and the Mantoux test is true?

    <p>Individuals with latent TB can have a positive Mantoux test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be tested for TB prior to starting immunosuppressive therapy?

    <p>Clients starting immunosuppressive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after exposure to TB can a Mantoux test potentially yield a positive result?

    <p>2 to 10 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential precaution when caring for clients who are hospitalized with tuberculosis (TB)?

    <p>Use a N95 HEPA filter or powered air purifying respirator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary recommendations is important for a client with tuberculosis (TB)?

    <p>Promote foods rich in protein, iron, and vitamins C and B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action when transporting a client with tuberculosis to another department?

    <p>Have the client wear a surgical mask.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental measure is necessary for a client diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB)?

    <p>Put the client in a negative-airflow room.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for disposal of sputum by a client with tuberculosis?

    <p>Use provided plastic bags or no-touch receptacles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended treatment regimen for tuberculosis to prevent resistance?

    <p>A combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is medication noncompliance a significant issue in tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>It contributes to the development of resistant strains of tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration for which tuberculosis medications are typically prescribed?

    <p>6 to 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of completing the prescribed tuberculosis medication regimen?

    <p>To ensure all bacteria are eliminated and decrease the chance of resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is contributing to the rise of resistant strains of tuberculosis?

    <p>Medication noncompliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of isoniazid in the treatment of mycobacterial infections?

    <p>Inhibiting growth by preventing mycolic acid synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is vital when administering isoniazid to a patient?

    <p>Conduct liver function tests prior to treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms should be reported as a potential sign of hepatotoxicity in a patient taking isoniazid?

    <p>Jaundice and malaise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is vitamin B6 commonly prescribed alongside isoniazid?

    <p>To reduce the risk of neurotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important patient education point for those prescribed isoniazid?

    <p>Alcohol increases the risk of hepatotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Rifampin?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant side effect should be monitored when a patient is on Rifampin?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the urine color change associated with Rifampin is true?

    <p>Urine will turn an orange color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key patient education point should be provided regarding oral contraceptives when taking Rifampin?

    <p>Rifampin may decrease the efficacy of oral contraceptives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients taking Rifampin immediately report?

    <p>Loss of appetite and jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known adverse effect of pyrazinamide that requires assessment of patient history?

    <p>Non-gouty polyarthralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important nursing action to monitor while a patient is on pyrazinamide?

    <p>Monitor liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended client education point for those taking pyrazinamide?

    <p>Report any joint pain or swelling immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients taking pyrazinamide do to help prevent potential side effects?

    <p>Drink a glass of water with each dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom should a patient report immediately while on pyrazinamide?

    <p>Yellowing of the skin or eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential nursing action when monitoring a patient on pyrazinamide?

    <p>Regularly check liver enzyme levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is specifically associated with pyrazinamide that necessitates patient history assessment?

    <p>Non-gouty polyarthralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instruction should be given to patients taking pyrazinamide to help prevent complications?

    <p>Increase fluid intake throughout the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom should patients immediately report while taking pyrazinamide?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended monitoring frequency for liver enzymes after initiating treatment with pyrazinamide?

    <p>Every 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Ethambutol exerts its effects on bacteria?

    <p>Suppressing RNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific visual tests should be conducted before starting treatment with Ethambutol?

    <p>Both baseline visual acuity and color discrimination ability tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if ocular toxicity is suspected in a patient taking Ethambutol?

    <p>Stop the medication immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is Ethambutol contraindicated for?

    <p>Children under 8 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What patient education should be provided regarding vision changes when on Ethambutol?

    <p>Report changes in vision immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should clients specifically monitor to prevent ototoxicity while taking streptomycin sulfate?

    <p>Hearing function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is most appropriate for the use of streptomycin sulfate, considering its toxicity?

    <p>Clients with drug-resistant infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fluid intake is recommended daily for clients taking streptomycin sulfate?

    <p>2 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be reported to the healthcare provider while a client is taking streptomycin sulfate?

    <p>Significant changes in urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing action when administering streptomycin sulfate to prevent severe adverse effects?

    <p>Conducting regular hearing assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for clients to continue medication therapy for tuberculosis (TB)?

    <p>6 to 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken if family members are exposed to a client with active TB?

    <p>They need to undergo TB testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After how many consecutive negative sputum cultures is a client no longer considered infectious?

    <p>Three consecutive negative cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of miliary TB?

    <p>Spread to multiple body organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate disposal method for contaminated tissues from a TB patient?

    <p>Disposing of them in plastic bags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action to take when a client with tuberculosis is transported to another department?

    <p>Have the client wear a surgical mask during transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personal protective equipment should a nurse wear when caring for a client diagnosed with tuberculosis?

    <p>An N95 respirator or HEPA respirator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing a client with complications from miliary tuberculosis, which symptom should the nurse monitor for that may indicate a life-threatening situation?

    <p>Drowsiness and neck stiffness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing intervention to promote adequate care for a client with tuberculosis?

    <p>Encourage a well-balanced diet and adequate nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an effort to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis, which room setting is necessary for a client with the disease?

    <p>A negative airflow room with airborne precautions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tuberculosis (TB) Overview

    • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    • Transmission occurs via aerosolization (airborne route).
    • The body encapsulates the TB bacillus in collagen and cells, forming a nodule/tubercle in the lungs (visible on chest x-rays).
    • US infection rate: 2.2/100,000 people.
    • Approximately 13 million people in the US have latent TB.

    Active vs. Latent TB

    • Only a small percentage of infected individuals develop active TB.
    • The TB bacillus can remain dormant for years before causing active disease.
    • TB primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs via the bloodstream.
    • Transmission risk decreases after 2-3 weeks of antituberculin therapy.

    TB Screening and Prevention

    • Annual screenings for individuals in high-risk areas.
    • Screening for family members of TB patients.
    • Prioritize screening for those born outside the US and migrant workers.
    • Early detection is crucial due to TB's slow onset.
    • Consider TB diagnosis in clients with persistent cough, chest pain, weakness, weight loss, anorexia, hemoptysis, dyspnea, fever, night sweats, or chills.

    Latent TB

    • Individuals exposed to TB but not developing the disease can have latent TB.
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is present but the body has successfully fought off infection.
    • Latent TB can remain dormant for years and become active later in life or during periods of immune compromise.

    Global/National TB Goals

    • Increasing the percentage of clients completing TB treatment is a goal in national and global health agendas.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of Tuberculosis (TB), including its causes, transmission, and distinctions between active and latent forms. It also highlights the importance of screening and prevention strategies, particularly for high-risk populations. Test your knowledge on TB and its implications in public health.

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