Tuberculosis Infection and Immunity

Primary Contamination from MBT

• The outcome of primary contamination from MBT depends on mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism's immunity.

Tuberculosis Infection Directions

• 90-95% of cases: pathological process does not develop in persons with adequate immune response, moderate bacterial load, and granuloma formation in macrophages.
• Intensive death of MBT occurs with subsequent apoptosis of macrophages, and a dense fibrous membrane capsule forms, restricting the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues.

Escape of Mycobacterium Population

• In some cases, the mycobacterium population escapes the toxic effect of macrophages and remains in a "dormant" or "sleeping" condition.
• The disease does not develop, but the risk of getting sick in the future remains when the immune system is weakened.

Factors that Activate Dormant Mycobacterium

• HIV infection
• Treatment with immunodepressants
• Treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers
• Severe chronic stress
• Severe diseases
• Starvation
• Infected people with high disease risk who have not had chemoprophylaxis

Development of Disease

• In 5-10% of infected people, the organism is not able to manage the infection due to large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, as well as immune deficiency, resulting in disease development.

Primary Contamination from MBT

• The outcome of primary contamination from MBT depends on mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism's immunity.

Tuberculosis Infection Directions

• 90-95% of cases: pathological process does not develop in persons with adequate immune response, moderate bacterial load, and granuloma formation in macrophages.
• Intensive death of MBT occurs with subsequent apoptosis of macrophages, and a dense fibrous membrane capsule forms, restricting the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues.

Escape of Mycobacterium Population

• In some cases, the mycobacterium population escapes the toxic effect of macrophages and remains in a "dormant" or "sleeping" condition.
• The disease does not develop, but the risk of getting sick in the future remains when the immune system is weakened.

Factors that Activate Dormant Mycobacterium

• HIV infection
• Treatment with immunodepressants
• Treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers
• Severe chronic stress
• Severe diseases
• Starvation
• Infected people with high disease risk who have not had chemoprophylaxis

Development of Disease

• In 5-10% of infected people, the organism is not able to manage the infection due to large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, as well as immune deficiency, resulting in disease development.