Podcast
Questions and Answers
What determines the outcome of primary contamination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT)?
What determines the outcome of primary contamination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT)?
Mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism and its immunity
In what percentage of cases does the pathological process not develop in persons with adequate immune response?
In what percentage of cases does the pathological process not develop in persons with adequate immune response?
90-95%
What happens to the mycobacterium in the 2nd variant of tuberculosis infection?
What happens to the mycobacterium in the 2nd variant of tuberculosis infection?
The mycobacterium population escapes from the toxic effect of macrophages and preserves in a low activity, 'dormant' or 'sleeping' condition
What can trigger the activation of dormant mycobacterium and lead to disease development?
What can trigger the activation of dormant mycobacterium and lead to disease development?
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What percentage of infected people have a large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, leading to disease development?
What percentage of infected people have a large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, leading to disease development?
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What is the outcome of the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
What is the outcome of the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
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What is the status of the mycobacterium in the 2nd variant of tuberculosis infection?
What is the status of the mycobacterium in the 2nd variant of tuberculosis infection?
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What happens to the macrophages after granuloma formation in the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
What happens to the macrophages after granuloma formation in the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
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What type of membrane forms around the site of infection in the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
What type of membrane forms around the site of infection in the 1st variant of tuberculosis infection?
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What is the common characteristic of people in the 3rd variant of tuberculosis infection?
What is the common characteristic of people in the 3rd variant of tuberculosis infection?
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Study Notes
Primary Contamination from MBT
- The outcome of primary contamination from MBT depends on mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism's immunity.
Tuberculosis Infection Directions
- 90-95% of cases: pathological process does not develop in persons with adequate immune response, moderate bacterial load, and granuloma formation in macrophages.
- Intensive death of MBT occurs with subsequent apoptosis of macrophages, and a dense fibrous membrane capsule forms, restricting the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues.
Escape of Mycobacterium Population
- In some cases, the mycobacterium population escapes the toxic effect of macrophages and remains in a "dormant" or "sleeping" condition.
- The disease does not develop, but the risk of getting sick in the future remains when the immune system is weakened.
Factors that Activate Dormant Mycobacterium
- HIV infection
- Treatment with immunodepressants
- Treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers
- Severe chronic stress
- Severe diseases
- Starvation
- Infected people with high disease risk who have not had chemoprophylaxis
Development of Disease
- In 5-10% of infected people, the organism is not able to manage the infection due to large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, as well as immune deficiency, resulting in disease development.
Primary Contamination from MBT
- The outcome of primary contamination from MBT depends on mycobacterial virulence, intensity and duration of bacterial load, and the human organism's immunity.
Tuberculosis Infection Directions
- 90-95% of cases: pathological process does not develop in persons with adequate immune response, moderate bacterial load, and granuloma formation in macrophages.
- Intensive death of MBT occurs with subsequent apoptosis of macrophages, and a dense fibrous membrane capsule forms, restricting the infected area from adjacent healthy tissues.
Escape of Mycobacterium Population
- In some cases, the mycobacterium population escapes the toxic effect of macrophages and remains in a "dormant" or "sleeping" condition.
- The disease does not develop, but the risk of getting sick in the future remains when the immune system is weakened.
Factors that Activate Dormant Mycobacterium
- HIV infection
- Treatment with immunodepressants
- Treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-blockers
- Severe chronic stress
- Severe diseases
- Starvation
- Infected people with high disease risk who have not had chemoprophylaxis
Development of Disease
- In 5-10% of infected people, the organism is not able to manage the infection due to large bacterial load, active proliferation, and increased mycobacterial virulence, as well as immune deficiency, resulting in disease development.
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Description
This quiz explores the relationship between primary contamination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and the human immune response. It covers the three possible directions of tuberculosis infection, including granuloma formation and bacterial load.
