Tuberculosis Infection and Disease

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Which of the following increases the chance of tuberculosis transmission?

Receiving adequate chemotherapy

Being in a well-ventilated area

Having a severe and forceful cough (correct)

Being a young child with TB

What is a characteristic of a tuberculosis patient who is more likely to transmit the disease?

Having a negative acid-fast smear of sputum

Having a low-grade fever

Having a positive acid-fast smear of sputum (correct)

Having a severe headache

What is the primary route of transmission of M. tuberculosis?

Through touching contaminated surfaces

By inhalation of airborne mucus droplet nuclei (correct)

Through skin contact with an infected individual

Through ingestion of contaminated food or water

Who is at a higher risk of getting infected with tuberculosis?

Children exposed to high-risk adults Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

Positive TST or IGRA result, but normal CXR and no symptoms Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for most adults to no longer transmit the tuberculosis organism after beginning adequate chemotherapy?

Several days to 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Why do young children with tuberculosis rarely infect other children or adults?

Because they rarely cough or produce sputum Signup and view all the answers

According to the WHO, what is the estimated global prevalence of MDR-TB?

4% globally Signup and view all the answers

Who is at a higher risk of getting infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?

Healthcare workers caring for high-risk patients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is at high risk for acquiring tuberculosis infection and progressing from latent tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis?

Specific groups, such as immunocompromised individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a major factor influencing the global burden of TB?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) defined as?

MDR-TB plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable drugs Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients develop generalized lymphadenopathy and meningitis?

30-50% Signup and view all the answers

How soon can a TST become positive after infection?

Within 1-3 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a diagnostic tool for TB?

Mantoux TST Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a positive AFB result?

It indicates the presence of TB Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Mantoux TST?

To induce induration through local vasodilation, edema, fibrin deposition, and recruitment of other inflammatory cells Signup and view all the answers

How is the induration measured in the Mantoux TST?

By a trained person 48-72 hours after administration Signup and view all the answers