Tuberculosis Infection and Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following increases the chance of tuberculosis transmission?

  • Receiving adequate chemotherapy
  • Being in a well-ventilated area
  • Having a severe and forceful cough (correct)
  • Being a young child with TB

    • What is a characteristic of a tuberculosis patient who is more likely to transmit the disease?

  • Having a negative acid-fast smear of sputum
  • Having a low-grade fever
  • Having a positive acid-fast smear of sputum (correct)
  • Having a severe headache

    • What is the primary route of transmission of M. tuberculosis?

  • Through touching contaminated surfaces
  • By inhalation of airborne mucus droplet nuclei (correct)
  • Through skin contact with an infected individual
  • Through ingestion of contaminated food or water

    • Who is at a higher risk of getting infected with tuberculosis?

    <p>Children exposed to high-risk adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

    <p>Positive TST or IGRA result, but normal CXR and no symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for most adults to no longer transmit the tuberculosis organism after beginning adequate chemotherapy?

    <p>Several days to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do young children with tuberculosis rarely infect other children or adults?

    <p>Because they rarely cough or produce sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the WHO, what is the estimated global prevalence of MDR-TB?

    <p>4% globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is at a higher risk of getting infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?

    <p>Healthcare workers caring for high-risk patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is at high risk for acquiring tuberculosis infection and progressing from latent tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis?

    <p>Specific groups, such as immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor influencing the global burden of TB?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) defined as?

    <p>MDR-TB plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients develop generalized lymphadenopathy and meningitis?

    <p>30-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon can a TST become positive after infection?

    <p>Within 1-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic tool for TB?

    <p>Mantoux TST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a positive AFB result?

    <p>It indicates the presence of TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Mantoux TST?

    <p>To induce induration through local vasodilation, edema, fibrin deposition, and recruitment of other inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the induration measured in the Mantoux TST?

    <p>By a trained person 48-72 hours after administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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