Anti-Depressants

Which of the following adverse effects is associated with increased serotonin (5-HT) levels in the gut, as seen with SSRI use?

Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect associated with which class of antidepressants?

What is the primary mechanism by which TCAs can lead to cardiac toxicity in overdose situations?

Which CYP enzyme is potently inhibited by paroxetine and fluoxetine, leading to increased levels of TCAs when used concomitantly?

What potentially fatal syndrome can occur when MAOIs are combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, or most TCAs?

Which of the following drugs primarily blocks the re-uptake of serotonin (5-HT) with minimal effect on norepinephrine (NE)?

Which of the following medications, once widely used for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, has largely been replaced by other treatments?

Which of the following is a common anticholinergic side effect associated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Which tetracyclic antidepressant is associated with Parkinsonism due to its D2 receptor-blocking activity?

Which mechanism of action is characteristic of second-generation antipsychotics?

Which dietary component should be avoided by patients taking MAOIs to prevent malignant hypertension?

Which drug has variable actions at dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) receptors?

Why might bupropion be avoided in patients who are currently being treated with MAOIs?

A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed an antipsychotic medication. If the goal is to primarily target dopamine (D2) receptors over serotonin (5-HT) receptors, which of the following medications would be most appropriate?

A patient taking fluvoxamine concurrently begins experiencing bradycardia and significant hypotension. Which medication, when combined with fluvoxamine, is most likely the cause?

Which medication's primary mechanism involves blocking 5HT2A receptors?

A researcher is investigating the effects of various antidepressants on neurotransmitter re-uptake. They discover a novel compound that inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine transporters with equal potency. Based on this information, which existing class of antidepressants does this new compound most closely resemble?

A patient presents with symptoms of psychosis and is being considered for antipsychotic treatment. Their clinical history reveals a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Which of the following antipsychotics, known for a lower risk of EPS due to its preferential 5-HT2A receptor antagonism over D2 receptor antagonism, might be the MOST appropriate initial choice?

A patient has experienced a depressed mood and loss of interest in activities for the past three weeks, accompanied by changes in sleep and appetite. According to the criteria outlined, which condition is MOST likely?

Which of the following best describes the neuropathic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD)?

Reserpine, a drug known to deplete monoamines, has which effect?

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, often observed in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), typically results in:

Which of the following mechanisms of action is NOT typically associated with antidepressant drugs?

Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of combining a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)?

Why are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) typically administered at night?

Which receptor is antagonized by both nefazodone and trazodone?

Bupropion's antidepressant effects are believed to be primarily mediated through which mechanism?

What is a primary reason MAOIs are seldom used?

Which statement accurately describes a key difference between selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Amoxapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant, possesses a unique property compared to other antidepressants due to its active metabolite. What is this unique property?

A patient taking phenelzine needs to be counselled, what food should they avoid?

${5HT_{2A}}$ receptor activation has which effect when bound by LSD?

Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of fluoxetine?

What is a significant pharmacokinetic property of fluoxetine that distinguishes it from other SSRIs?

What is a crucial consideration when switching a patient from fluoxetine to another antidepressant that also raises serotonin levels?

How does increased serotonin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), due to fluoxetine, typically manifest?

Why is combining fluoxetine with a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) considered dangerous?

A patient taking fluoxetine reports a decreased interest in sexual activity. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this side effect?

Fluoxetine inhibits the CYP2D6 enzyme. Which of the following is a potential consequence of this inhibition?

Given its wide therapeutic index, what implications does this have on the safety profile of Fluoxetine?

What are some of the common side effects (ADRs) of fluoxetine?

What is Serotonin Syndrome?

What is the primary difference between Reactive Depression and Endogenous Depression?

Which of the following hypotheses of depression is described: Loss of 5-HT and/or DA leads to MDD. Reserpine, which depletes monoamines, leads to depression?

All available antidepressant drugs affect the:

Which of the following drugs inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT)?

Which of the following are Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)?

Which of the following are 5-HT2 Antagonists? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following is described: 1) differs from other SSRIs, 2) metabolized to the active metabolite, norfluoxetine, 3) an SSRI combined with an MAO inhibitor can cause serotonin syndrome?

Which of the following Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors is described as extensively metabolized in the liver and most tightly bound to protein (albumin)?

Which of the following antidepressants is described as dosed once per day, given at night due to sedative effects, and has serum levels useful for predicting toxicity and efficacy?

What are bupropion, mirtazapine, amoxapine, and maprotiline?

Which of the following, at lower doses, is used as a hypnotic for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Which of the following is described by: (a) binding presynaptic autoreceptors and (b) binding specific postsynaptic receptors like 5HT2 antagonists?

Which of the following is a 5HT2A agonist?

Which of the following are non-selective MAO inhibitors? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following is described as an irreversible MAO B inhibitor that becomes nonselective at higher doses, and is used in Parkinsonism?

Which of the following is used to treat insomnia?

A seven day supply of which of the following can be lethal?

Levels of which of the following increase when nefazodone inhibits CYP 3A4?

Which of the following was the most widely used drug in podiatric medicine to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

Most SSRIs are FDA Pregnancy category C.