Anti depressants I
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Anti depressants I

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the biogenic theory of depression?

  • Intense mood swings
  • Long-lasting sadness
  • Emotional responses to the environment
  • Deficiency of neurotransmitters in the brain (correct)

    • Which neurotransmitters are believed to be deficient in key brain areas in individuals with depression?

  • GABA and acetylcholine
  • Epinephrine and cortisol
  • Endorphins and glutamate
  • Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine (correct)

    • What defines depression as an affective disorder?

  • Brief episodes of extreme happiness
  • Experiencing intense sadness beyond the event's impact (correct)
  • Sudden mood changes
  • Overwhelming excitement

    • Why are neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine crucial in preventing depression?

    <p>Their deficiency is linked to depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT associated with antidepressants?

    <p>Enhancing the breakdown of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of antidepressants, what is a drug–drug interaction?

    <p>The way different medications interact with each other in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a therapeutic indication from a contraindication in antidepressant use?

    <p>Indications refer to positive effects while contraindications refer to side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacological action of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Mood elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor blockade is associated with TCAs' effects on the central nervous system?

    <p>H1-receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cardiovascular side effect associated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following TCAs is a secondary amine?

    <p>Nortriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most potent anticholinergic action associated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Desipramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter system is mainly affected by tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

    <p>Cholinergic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which TCA is commonly used for the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain?

    <p>Nortriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug specifically blocks the reuptake of serotonin and increases its concentration in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of ingesting foods high in tyramine while taking an MAOI?

    <p>Severe hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug prevents the enzyme monoamine oxidase from breaking down norepinephrine, leading to increased NE levels in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes SSRIs from TCAs in terms of adverse effects?

    <p>SSRIs are not associated with anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom experienced by patients who are depressed?

    <p>Lack of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, causing anticholinergic and sedative effects?

    <p>Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can ingesting foods high in tyramine while on an MAOI lead to?

    <p>Severe hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do deficiencies of neurotransmitters like NE and 5HT develop according to the text?

    <p>By rapid fire of the neurons leading to depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are mentioned in the text as being deficient in depression?

    <p>Norepinephrine (NE), dopamine, and serotonin (5HT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical problems can untreated clinical depression lead to?

    <p>Multiple physical problems that can lead to further depression or suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of depression is discussed in the text?

    <p>Biogenic Amine Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might depression occur as mentioned in the text?

    <p>As a result of unknown causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functions are regulated by neurotransmitters like NE and 5HT, according to the text?

    <p>Arousal, alertness, attention, moods, appetite, and sensory processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might rapid fire of neurons lead to depletion of neurotransmitters like NE and 5HT?

    <p>By exhausting the available neurotransmitter stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal mechanism of action of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Blocking reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) have on dopamine system?

    <p>Have no impact on dopamine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original intended use of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) when they were first developed in 1949?

    <p>Antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) lead to increased neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>By blocking reuptake by the releasing nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are primarily affected by Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Noradrenaline and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic chemical structure of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Three-ring nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparison to cocaine, how important is the effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) on the dopamine system?

    <p>Less important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides blocking reuptake, what other mechanism may Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) use to increase neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Regulating receptor sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

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