Chemistry-Medicinal Drugs

The key ingredient in a drug that provides the therapeutic effect.

A state of being drunk or intoxicated, often caused by excessive alcohol consumption or drug use.

Substances added to a drug to help with its formulation, but don't have therapeutic effects.

A state of deep unconsciousness, often caused by drug overdose or medical conditions.

Solid drug form with a specific shape and size, often coated or compressed.

A drug enclosed in a gelatin shell, often used for antibiotics.

A mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and other symptoms like changes in sleep, appetite, and energy.

A class of medications used to treat depression. They work by adjusting the levels of certain chemicals in the brain.

Drugs in a liquid state for easier absorption.

A type of drug that can slow down the nervous system and cause a range of effects, including drowsiness and coma. They are sometimes used to treat anxiety or insomnia but can be dangerous in overdose.

General anesthetics are drugs that temporarily stop you from feeling pain and being conscious, like when you have surgery.

General anesthetics are categorized into two main types: inhaled and intravenous.

An overdose of general anesthetics can cause a person to go into a coma and even die.

Anti-acids are medications that help to neutralize excess stomach acid, often used for heartburn or indigestion.

Common active ingredients in anti-acids include sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate.

Aspirin is a common painkiller that effectively reduces pain.

Aspirin's active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid, which is what provides the pain-relieving effect.

A serious potential side effect of Aspirin is stomach damage leading to bleeding.

Anesthetics are substances that temporarily stop you from feeling pain.

Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve signals, preventing the transmission of pain signals.

Substances used to treat diseases or relieve pain. They can be synthesized, produced by microorganisms, or extracted from animals or plants.

A drug is considered effective if it doesn't harm your body, doesn't cause unwanted side effects, and works reliably even in the presence of substances like stomach acid.

Drugs that are created in a lab using chemical reactions. Examples include aspirin and many other pain relievers.

Drugs produced by microorganisms like bacteria or fungi, typically through a process called fermentation. Penicillin is a well-known example.

Drugs derived from natural sources like animals (e.g., insulin) or plants (e.g., some painkillers).

A class of drugs that relieve or eliminate pain.

A type of analgesic that reduces or eliminates moderate pain. Examples include morphine and codeine.

A type of analgesic that lowers or eliminates fever.

A type of analgesic used to reduce or eliminate inflammation in muscles and joints.

Aspirin is an example of a drug that acts as an analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-rheumatic.

A bacterium that can no longer be killed by a particular antibiotic due to genetic changes.

A combination of two or more antibiotics used to treat infections. This strategy can increase effectiveness, prevent resistance, or treat mixed infections.

A type of drug that reduces anxiety, excitement, and restlessness without causing sleep.

A specific type of tranquilizer that works by enhancing the effects of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity.

A drug that can cause drowsiness, muscle rigidity, coma, and even death when taken in excess.

A drug that reduces or eliminates inflammation, a natural response to injury, involving the body's connective tissues.

Cortisone and hydrocortisone are examples of these drugs, which are based on a steroid structure and are used to treat inflammation.

Aspirin, salsa late, and diclofenac are examples of these drugs, which are not based on steroid structures and are used to treat inflammation.

An antacid that produces carbon dioxide gas when dissolved in water, causing bubbling and effervescence. It typically contains a combination of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid or tartaric acid.

A marked increase in respiratory rate, potentially caused by an overdose of aspirin.

Antibiotics are chemicals, either naturally derived from organisms or synthesized in labs, that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Bactericidal antibiotics specifically target and kill bacteria.

Broad spectrum antibiotics effectively combat a wide range of microorganisms, even if their specific type is unknown.

Narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific types of microorganisms, requiring knowledge of the invading microbe.

A frequent side effect of antibiotics is diarrhea.