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Questions and Answers
Which drug combination is primarily used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Which drug combination is primarily used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
What physiological effect is caused by the overstimulation of cannabinoid receptors in the CNS?
What physiological effect is caused by the overstimulation of cannabinoid receptors in the CNS?
Which psychiatric effect is commonly associated with hallucinogens like LSD?
Which psychiatric effect is commonly associated with hallucinogens like LSD?
What is a common side effect of using dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease treatment?
What is a common side effect of using dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease treatment?
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Which receptor does phencyclidine (PCP) primarily block to achieve its dissociative effects?
Which receptor does phencyclidine (PCP) primarily block to achieve its dissociative effects?
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What is a significant risk associated with the use of lithium during pregnancy?
What is a significant risk associated with the use of lithium during pregnancy?
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What is the primary action of MAO-B inhibitors in treating neurological disorders?
What is the primary action of MAO-B inhibitors in treating neurological disorders?
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What commonly occurs as a physiological response to the use of CNS stimulants?
What commonly occurs as a physiological response to the use of CNS stimulants?
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What is the main action of typical antipsychotic drugs?
What is the main action of typical antipsychotic drugs?
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Which of the following is classified as a psychomotor stimulant?
Which of the following is classified as a psychomotor stimulant?
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Which class of antidepressants is specifically known for mood elevation?
Which class of antidepressants is specifically known for mood elevation?
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What is a common side effect associated with blocking D2-receptors in the central nervous system?
What is a common side effect associated with blocking D2-receptors in the central nervous system?
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Which of the following atypical antipsychotics is known for having fewer side effects compared to typical antipsychotics?
Which of the following atypical antipsychotics is known for having fewer side effects compared to typical antipsychotics?
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Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected by dopamine antagonists used in antipsychotic therapy?
Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected by dopamine antagonists used in antipsychotic therapy?
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Lithium is primarily used for which indication?
Lithium is primarily used for which indication?
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What is a characteristic effect of psychotomimetics such as LSD?
What is a characteristic effect of psychotomimetics such as LSD?
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Which of the following is a primary advantage of Bromocriptine over I-DOPA?
Which of the following is a primary advantage of Bromocriptine over I-DOPA?
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What is a common adverse effect of Amantadine?
What is a common adverse effect of Amantadine?
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Anticholinergic drugs used in Parkinsonism mainly address which symptoms?
Anticholinergic drugs used in Parkinsonism mainly address which symptoms?
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Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action for Amantadine?
Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action for Amantadine?
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Which medication is specifically indicated for treating hyperprolactinemia?
Which medication is specifically indicated for treating hyperprolactinemia?
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Which of the following adverse effects is associated with Central D2-receptor blockers?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with Central D2-receptor blockers?
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What is the role of coffee and tea in relation to Parkinsonism medication?
What is the role of coffee and tea in relation to Parkinsonism medication?
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Which of the following classifications of drugs should be avoided in Parkinsonism due to their potential to induce symptoms?
Which of the following classifications of drugs should be avoided in Parkinsonism due to their potential to induce symptoms?
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Study Notes
Psychotropic Drugs
- Psychotropic drugs affect behavior and psychological state
- Classified into tranquilizers, anti-depressants, psychotomimetics, and psychomotor stimulants
Tranquilizers
- Minor Tranquilizers (Anti-anxiety): Diazepam
- Major Tranquilizers (Anti-psychotic): Chlorpromazine
Anti-depressants
- Anti-depressants (Mood Elevating): Tricyclic antidepressants
- Lithium Carbonate: Mood stabilizing, anti-manic
Psychotomimetics (Psychedelics, Hallucinogens)
- LSD
Psychomotor Stimulants
- Amphetamines
Major Tranquilizers (Antipsychotics)
- Used for schizophrenia and mania
-
Typical Antipsychotics:
- Phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine, Fluphenazine)
- Thioxanthenes (Thiothixene)
- Butyrophenones (Haloperidol, Droperidol)
-
Atypical Antipsychotics: (Generally considered more effective and with fewer side effects)
- Pimozide
- Sulpiride
- Clozapine
- Risperidone
- Olanzapine
- NB: Most neuroleptics block central D2 receptors in the hypothalamus and limbic system
Dopamine Receptors
- D1-Family (D1 + D5): ↑ Adenylate Cyclase → ↑ cAMP; Most of peripheral actions (e.g. Renal VD)
- D2-Family (D2 + D3 + D4): ⇧ Gi → ↓ Adenylate Cyclase → ↓ cAMP, ⇧ K+ & ↓ Ca2+; Most of central actions (e.g. Psychotic & Anti-Parkinsonian actions) affecting Limbic system, Frontal cortex, Basal Ganglia and Hypothalamus.
Pharmacodynamics (Page 2)
-
CNS (Central Nervous System):
- Anti-psychotic effects
- Effects on hypothalamus: Hypothermia, increase appetite, increased prolactin
- Effects on the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ): (Antiemetic in many vomiting disorders except motion sickness)
- Potentiation of other CNS depressants e.g. Barbiturates & Morphine
- Lowers seizure threshold
-
Endocrine:
- Decrease in FSH & LH → infertility & amenorrhea in females
- Increased prolactin → Gynecomastia & Galactorrhea (Non-puerperal lactation)
- Effects on Receptors: potent anti-dopamine, potent a-blocker, weak anti-muscarinic, weak ganglion blocker, potent anti-serotonin, weak H1-blocker
- Skeletal Muscle → Muscle relaxation
- Local Anesthetic
Adverse Effects of Chlorpromazine (Page 3)
- CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms (muscle spasm, restlessness, Parkinsonism), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), tardive dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements)
- Cardiovascular: hypotension, postural hypotension, tachycardia, increased coronary flow
- Other: weight gain, dry mouth, allergic reactions, photosensitivity, agranulocytosis, endocrine disturbances (e.g., gynecomastia, galactorrhea), opacities of cornea and lens
- Important Note: Not to be used in pregnancy
Drug Interactions of Chlorpromazine (Page 4)
- Potentiates sedatives (e.g., alcohol), hypotensive agents (e.g., vasodilators), anticholinergics (e.g., atropine), and muscle relaxants (e.g., curare)
- Antagonizes the hypotensive effect of guanethidine
- Reverses the pressor effect of adrenaline
- Other Phenothiazines (e.g. Thioridazine, Trifluperazine): similar effects and cautions to Chlorpromazine but with nuances regarding side effects and potential toxicity (e.g. Cardiotoxic effects and retinopathy with Thioridazine ; Trifluperazine is more potent antipsychotic)
Other Specific Drugs
- Various psychotropic drugs are detailed with particular emphasis on their mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and possible adverse effects.
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Description
This quiz explores various categories of psychotropic drugs, including tranquilizers, anti-depressants, psychotomimetics, and psychomotor stimulants. It covers specific medications, their uses, and classifications, providing insights into how they affect behavior and psychological states. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in psychology.
