29 Questions
Which plant is the biological source of atropine and hyoscyamine?
Belladonna
What is the main tropane alkaloid found in Thorn Apple Leaf (Stramonium)?
Scopolamine
Which drug is used to control saliva production, muscular rigidity, and tremors in Parkinsonism?
Hyoscyamus
Which plant is the biological source of cocaine and cinnamylcocaine?
Coca leaves
What is the primary use of Belladonna?
Reduce secretions such as sweat, saliva, and gastric juice
Which drug has parasympatholytic and central nervous system depressant effects and is used in cerebral excitement?
Datura
Which alkaloid is derived from pyridine and is used to relieve spasmodic asthma and chronic bronchitis?
Lobeline
What is the main use of quinidine, an alkaloid derived from quinoline?
Prophylaxis of cardiac arrhythmias
Which alkaloid, derived from tubocurarine, is used for muscular relaxation in surgical operations and certain neurological conditions?
Tubocurarine
What is the main effect of papaverine, an alkaloid derived from opium?
Relaxant effects on smooth muscles of the intestinal and bronchial tract and the blood vessels
Which alkaloid is used as a local anesthetic and due to its toxic and addictive properties, its use is almost entirely confined to ophthalmic, ear, nose, and throat surgery?
Cocaine
What is the main function of morphine, an alkaloid derived from opium?
Central narcotic effects causing addiction
Which alkaloid, derived from pyridine, is a smoking preparation used for resuscitation of newborn infants?
Lobeline
What are the lower two chambers of the heart called?
Ventricles and atria
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
Where does the blood return to the heart after delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells?
Left atrium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body except the lungs?
Left ventricle
What is the composition of the upper two chambers of the heart?
Ventricles and atria
What is the definition of heart failure?
The inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body.
What is the difference between systole and diastole?
During systole, the ventricles contract to pump the blood.
What is low output heart failure?
When the heart is weak and cannot pump enough blood.
What is left side heart failure?
When there is a problem in the left ventricle.
What is ischemic heart failure?
When ischemic heart disease is associated with heart failure.
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction.
What does preload depend on?
The volume of blood returned to the heart and affects wall tension.
What is ejection fraction?
The percentage of LV end diastolic volume ejected during each systolic contraction.
Which risk factor for heart failure is non-modifiable?
Age
What is afterload determined by?
Peripheral vascular resistance.
Test your knowledge of tropane alkaloids and their biological sources and constituents with this quiz. Identify the names of drugs, their biological sources, and the specific constituents they contain, such as hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolemine.
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