Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is known as an anthelminthic?
Which of the following is known as an anthelminthic?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Theophylline?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Theophylline?
Which of the following alkaloids has a narrow therapeutic index?
Which of the following alkaloids has a narrow therapeutic index?
Which herbal remedy is indicated for respiratory ailments?
Which herbal remedy is indicated for respiratory ailments?
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What is the function of Sambong as stated in the content?
What is the function of Sambong as stated in the content?
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Which of the following alkaloidal substances is rich in tannins and has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer?
Which of the following alkaloidal substances is rich in tannins and has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer?
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What is the primary pharmacologic action of Atropine?
What is the primary pharmacologic action of Atropine?
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Which of the following alkaloids is specifically indicated for managing motion sickness?
Which of the following alkaloids is specifically indicated for managing motion sickness?
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What type of structure do tropane alkaloids possess?
What type of structure do tropane alkaloids possess?
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Which of the following is NOT a pharmacologic application of Callistegine A3?
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacologic application of Callistegine A3?
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Study Notes
Alkaloids
- Alkaloidal bases are soluble in non-polar solvents
- Alkaloidal salts are soluble in aqueous solvents (water)
- Generally solid, except for coniine, nicotine, and sparteine
- Pyridine-piperidine alkaloids
Betel Nut/Nga-nga
- Obtained from Areca catechu
- Rich in tannins (increased risk of esophageal cancer)
- Contains arecoline (CNS stimulant)
Tobacco
- Obtained from Nicotiana tabacum
- Contains nicotine (CNS stimulant; smoking deterrent)
Indian Tobacco
- Obtained from Lobelia inflata
- Contains lobeline (smoking deterrent)
Tropane Alkaloids (Hyoscyamine, Hyoscine, Cocaine)
- Contain a tropane ring (bicyclic structure)
- Tertiary amines are highly lipophilic (tendency to enter the blood-brain barrier)
- Groups:
- Hyoscyamine (Atropine = (±) = Racemate) and Hyoscine (Scopolamine)
- Cocaine
- Callistegine A3 (no pharmacologic application)
Atropine
- Anticholinergic
- Effects: reverse of DUMBELS (Constipation, Urinary retention, Mydriasis, Tachycardia, Bronchodilation, decrease in secretion)
- Used to treat physostigmine toxicity and organophosphate poisoning (blocks AChE, leading to DUMBELS; Pralidoxime regenerates AChE)
Scopolamine
- Anticholinergic
- Anti-motion sickness; management of emesis
Cocaine
- Drug of abuse
- Blocks NE reuptake, increasing NE in the synapse (beneficial for depression)
Examples of Plants Containing Tropane Alkaloids
- Atropa belladonna (Belladonna, Deadly nightshade)
- Withania somnifera (Withania)
- Duboisia myopoproides, Duboisia hopwoodii (Duboisia)
- Pituri (Australian tobacco)
- Mandragora officinarum (Mandragora, European mandrake)
- Erythroxylum coca (Coca, Cocaine)
- Datura stramonium (Talumpunay = D. metel (management of asthma))
- Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane, Hyoscyamus)
Quinoline Alkaloids
- Also known as methylxanthines
- 9-membered ring
- 1,3-dimethylxanthine (Caffeine): Diuretic, CNS Stimulant, Narrow therapeutic index
- 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Theophylline): Diuretic, CNS Stimulant, Narrow therapeutic index
- 1,7-dimethylxanthine (Paraxanthine)
- 3,7-dimethylxanthine (Theobromine): Diuretic
Philippine Herbal Medicine Approved by DOH
- Mnemonic: BABY PLAN TS
- LaSaBay Ampalaya, TUNAY Ba?
- Lagundi (respiratory ailments)
- Sambong (diuretic)
- Ampalaya (anti-diabetes mellitus)
- Tsaang Gulaman (anti-diarrhea)
- Ulasiman bato (anti-nephrolithiasis)
- Niyog-niyogan (anthelminthic)
- Yerba Buena (analgesic)
- Bawang (anti-hyperlipidemia)
- Akapulko (antifungal)
- LaSaBay Ampalaya, TUNAY Ba?
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of alkaloids, including their solubility, sources, and structures. You'll explore various types of alkaloids such as tobacco, betel nut, and tropane alkaloids, along with their pharmacological properties. Test your knowledge about the impact and significance of these compounds.
