Questions and Answers
Which nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the mimic muscle?
What does the masseteric nerve innervate?
Which of the following nerves makes an eyelet around the middle meningeal artery?
Which nerve carries sensory innervation to the buccal region?
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What innervates the mylohyoid muscle?
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What type of fibers does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve carry?
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What structure does the maxillary branch emerge from?
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Which foramen does the maxillary branch exit the skull through?
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What area does the infraorbital nerve primarily innervate?
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What happens to the maxillary nerve in the event of zygomatic fractures?
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Which of the following branches does the maxillary nerve NOT give off?
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Which nerve does the branch from the zygomatic bone join to supply the lacrimal gland?
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Where does the maxillary branch run after exiting the skull?
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Which structure is primarily responsible for carrying preganglionic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Which branches are responsible for innervating the hard and soft palate?
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What type of innervation do the nasal branches provide?
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What is the origin of the sensory root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Which nerve passes through the sphenopalatine foramen?
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Which of the following nerves does the chorda tympani branch from?
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Which ganglion is associated with the greater petrosal nerve?
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The buccinator nerve is a branch of which major nerve?
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Which of the following nerves carries postganglionic fibers back to the maxillary nerve?
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What is the primary function of the deep petrosal nerve?
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Which structure do the palatine branches innervate?
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What anatomical landmark does the mandibular branch exit through?
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What type of fibers do the sympathetic fibers that pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion carry?
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Which muscle is innervated by the internal pterygoid nerve?
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What type of anesthesia is specifically described for lower premolar and molar teeth?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland?
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What is the key difference between the maxillary and mandibular local anesthesia techniques?
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Which group of nerves do not synapse within the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Which structure exits from the infraorbital foramen to supply branches to the upper lip and lower eyelid?
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What type of fibers constitute the parasympathetic motor root of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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What is the primary neurotransmitter used by the cells of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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From which anatomical structure do the maxillary nerves emerge after passing through the foramen rotundum?
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Which nerve does not emerge from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Which of the following branches is part of the middle superior alveolar nerve group?
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Which ganglion receives fibers from the ocular region for lacrimal secretions?
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The zygomatic nerve gives off which two important branches?
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What is the origin of the deep petrous nerve?
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Study Notes
Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve
- Carries sensory fibers only, emerging from Gasser's ganglion at the petrous apex.
- Passes through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, exiting the skull via foramen rotundum.
- Travels over the pterygopalatine fossa, supplying branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion.
- Terminates as the infraorbital nerve, which runs in a canal and exits through the infraorbital foramen to innervate the canine fossa.
- Terminal branches provide sensory innervation to the wing of the nose, lower eyelid, cheeks, and upper lip.
- Commonly injured in zygomatic fractures due to its course across the zygomatic bone.
Course and Branching
- Emerges from trigeminal ganglion to cavernous sinus, through foramen rotundum to pterygopalatine fossa, then to infraorbital nerve.
- Gives off a small meningeal branch before entering the pterygopalatine fossa.
- Alveolar nerves descend vertically to innervate the upper teeth, allowing for individual tooth anesthesia.
- Comprised of three groups: posterior, intermediate, and anterior alveolar nerves.
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
- A parasympathetic ganglion connected to the maxillary branch, mainly transmitting fibers without synapsing.
- Receives fibers from the parasympathetic motor route via the nerve of the pterygoid canal, controlling secretions to lacrimal and minor salivary glands.
- Sympathetic fibers pass through without synapsing, originating from the superior cervical ganglion.
Originating Branches from Pterygopalatine Ganglion
- Orbital branches supply the periosteum and orbitalis muscle.
- Palatine branches innervate the hard and soft palate, providing excitosecretory parasympathetic innervation.
- Nasal branches enter through the sphenopalatine foramen, supplying the nasal cavity.
- Pharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to part of the nasopharynx.
- Lacrimal branch connects secretory motor fibers to the lacrimal gland.
Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve
- Both motor and sensory functions; exits through the oval foramen of the sphenoid bone.
- Runs between the tensor veli palatini muscle medially and the external pterygoid muscle laterally.
- Emits the spinous nerve for meningeal innervation before branching into anterior and posterior trunks.
Anterior and Posterior Trunks
- Anterior trunk features:
- Buccinator nerve for sensory innervation to the buccinator muscle.
- Masseteric, deep temporal, and external pterygoid nerves for motor innervation to muscles of mastication.
- Posterior trunk is more consistent and includes:
- Auriculotemporal nerve, linked to the otic ganglion and carries sensory fibers near the ear.
- Lingual nerve receives the chorda tympani from the facial nerve, connecting to the submandibular ganglion.
- Inferior alveolar nerve innervates lower dental arch roots and exits through the mental foramen as the mental branch.
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Description
This quiz covers the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve, focusing on its sensory functions and anatomical pathways. Previous knowledge from Part I regarding the trigeminal nuclei and the ophthalmic branch will be assumed. Test your understanding of this essential cranial nerve and its branches.
