Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which anatomical regions are supplied by the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
What is a primary function of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following structures does NOT receive sensory innervation from the maxillary nerve?
Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for motor functions?
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What type of nerve fibers primarily compose the maxillary branch?
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Which statement about the trigeminal nerve is true?
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Which of the following is an incorrect association regarding the maxillary branch?
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How many terminal branches does the maxillary nerve have?
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Which arch is the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve derived from?
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In the context of dental practice, why is the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve important?
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Which area is NOT supplied by the maxillary nerve (V2)?
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What is the function of the infra-orbital nerve?
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Which of the following branches comes from the infra-orbital nerve?
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What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve provide sensation to?
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Where does the infra-orbital nerve enter the orbit?
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Which of the following does NOT arise from the infra-orbital nerve?
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What area does the anterior superior alveolar nerve supply?
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Which of the following is a terminal branch of the infra-orbital nerve?
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Which maxillary teeth does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply?
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What is the primary type of fiber carried by the maxillary nerve (V2)?
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Which of the following branches of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory innervation to the forehead?
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What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve within the brain?
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Through which structure does the Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) enter the orbit?
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Which nerve is NOT a branch of the Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)?
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Where does the maxillary nerve (V2) exit the cranial cavity?
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What is the collection of neurons outside the central nervous system referred to as?
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Which cranial nerve is also traversed by the superior orbital fissure along with the Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)?
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Which of the following structures is located between the posterior surface of the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone?
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Which of the following nerves is responsible for tear production by innervating the lacrimal gland?
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What role do the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve have?
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Which nerve supplies the oral mucosa around the incisive papilla?
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What does the Greater Palatine Nerve primarily supply?
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Which division of the trigeminal nerve leaves the skull via the foramen rotundum?
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Which of the following structures does the Zygomatic Nerve innervate?
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What sensory function is provided by the Lesser Palatine Nerve?
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Which nerve is responsible for supplying the nasal branches to the mucosa of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa?
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Which nerve innervates much of the maxillary teeth and supporting structures?
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Where does the Nasopalatine Nerve enter the nasal cavity?
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Which structure is NOT supplied by the Maxillary Nerve?
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Which of the following is true regarding the trigeminal nerve?
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Maxillary Branch (V2)
- The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the 5th and largest cranial nerve.
- This nerve has three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
- The maxillary branch (V2) is important for dental professionals.
- V2 functions in sensing facial touch, pain, and temperature, and controls chewing muscles.
GDC Learning Outcomes
- Describe relevant dental, oral, craniofacial, and general anatomy in relation to patient management.
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.
- Outline the anatomical regions the maxillary branch supplies.
- Explain the relevance of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve to dentistry.
Resources
- Anatomy.tv
- Acland's Video Atlas of Human Anatomy
- Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry
- Teach Me Anatomy
Nerve Roots
- Each nerve is composed of two roots: motor (thinner) and sensory (thicker)
- The trigeminal nerve is involved in sensing facial touch, pain, and temperature
- It also controls muscles used for chewing.
- The trigeminal nerve is distinct from the facial nerve (CN VII) which controls facial movements.
What is Supplied?
-
Sensory (afferent):
- Maxillary dentition
- Mandibular dentition
- Skin of face and head
- Oral mucosa
- Nasal mucosa
- Air sinuses
- Meninges
-
Motor (efferent):
- Muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, anterior belly of digastric)
- Mylohyoid
- Tensor tympani
- Tensor veli palatini
Brain Origin
- Arises from the pons.
- Contains one motor nucleus and three sensory nuclei.
Pathway from Skull
- Ophthalmic nerve enters orbit through the superior orbital fissure (SOF).
- Maxillary nerve leaves via foramen rotundum into pterygopalatine fossa, then through infra-orbital canal to the infraorbital foramen.
- Mandibular nerve leaves via foramen ovale.
Ganglion
- The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve come together in an area called the Gasserian ganglion.
- Signals traveling through the trigeminal nerve reach specialized clusters of neurons called the trigeminal nerve nucleus.
Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
- The smallest division of the trigeminal nerve.
- Serves as an afferent nerve, carrying sensory information to the:
- Conjunctiva
- Cornea
- Eyeball
- Orbit
- Forehead
- Ethmoid and frontal sinuses
- Portions of the dura mater
Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve
-
Lacrimal nerve: Supplies conjunctiva and skin; responsible for tear production.
-
Frontal nerve: Supplies frontal sinus, skin of forehead and scalp
-
Nasociliary nerve: Sensory branches to ciliary ganglion
-
Long ciliary nerves
-
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
-
Anterior ethmoidal nerve.
-
Infratrochlear nerve
Pterygo-maxillary fissure
- Lies between the posterior surface of the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone.
- It connects the pterygopalatine fossa with the infratemporal fossa, containing important neurovascular structures.
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
- Exits the skull via foramen rotundum.
- Divides into:
- Zygomatic nerve
- Infraorbital nerve
- Posterior superior alveolar nerve
- Pterygopalatine nerve
Infraorbital Nerve
- Terminal branch of the maxillary nerve.
- Enters the orbit at the inferior orbital fissure and runs in the infraorbital groove.
- Exists via the infraorbital foramen.
- Divides into:
- Middle superior alveolar nerve
- Anterior superior alveolar nerve
- Palpebral, nasal, and labial branches.
Terminal Branches
- Arise from the infraorbital foramen
- Palpebral nerve: supplies skin of the lower eyelid
- Nasal nerve: supplies skin on the side of the nose
- Labial nerve: supplies skin and oral mucosa of the upper lip
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (C)
- Leaves pterygopalatine fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure.
- Runs onto the maxillary tuberosity and sends a branch to buccal gingiva.
- Supplies the maxillary sinus, 3rd, 2nd and 1st molar teeth (palatal and disto-buccal roots).
Middle & Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves (G)
- Arise from the infraorbital nerve within the orbit.
- Middle: Supplies maxillary premolars and the mesio-buccal root of the 1st maxillary molar.
- Anterior: Supplies maxillary incisors and canines.
Pterygopalatine Nerves
- Divided into three specific nerves:
- Greater palatine
- Lesser palatine
- Nasopalatine
Greater Palatine Nerve
- Passes through the greater palatine canal and emerges at the greater palatine foramen.
- Supplies much of the hard palate and palatal gingivae (except round incisive papilla).
Lesser Palatine Nerve
- Passes through the greater palatine canal to the lesser palatine foramen.
- Supplies the soft palate.
Nasopalatine Nerve
- Enters the nasal cavity via sphenopalatine foramen.
- Supplies part of the nasal septum.
- Passes through the incisive canal on the hard palate & supplies oral mucosa around the incisive papilla.
Zygomatic Nerve
- Travels anteriorly from the inferior orbital fissure.
- Divides into two nerves:
- Zygomaticofacial nerve
- Zygomatictemporal nerve.
Trigeminal and Facial Nerve Examination
- Procedure for evaluating the trigeminal and facial nerves.
Summary
- The trigeminal nerve is the 5th and largest cranial nerve
- Three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerve.
- Ophthalmic nerve enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.
- Maxillary nerve travels from the foramen rotundum then the pterygopalatine fossa, and supplied structures of the maxilla, hard palate, and skin.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve, which plays a crucial role in dental practices. Participants will learn about its functions, anatomical regions it supplies, and its significance in patient management. Ideal for dental professionals and students seeking to enhance their understanding of craniofacial anatomy.
